A state-of-the-art chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Dual 28 m3 FEP Teflon film chambers are used to simulate atmospheric conditions in which aerosol formation may occur. This facility provides the flexibility to investigate dark, single oxidant reactions as well as full photochemical simulations. This paper discusses the environmental control imp...

12.1.1 Definitions The following definitions from WMO (1992; 2003a) are relevant to upper air measurements using a radiosonde: Radiosonde: Instrument intended to be carried by a balloon through the atmosphere, equipped with devices to measure one or several meteorological variables (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc.), and provided with a radio transmitter for sending this information to the...

Affect of different environmental factors i.e., temperature, relative humidity and precipitation on population dynamics, density and foraging activities of Microtermes obesi Holmgren and Odontotermes lokanandi Chatarjee and Thakur (Isoptera: Termitidae) were studied from March 2010 to July 2012 in Islamabad. A total of 1200 poplar wooden stakes was used for monitoring the termite activities in ...

Although human occupancy is a source of airborne bacteria, the role of walkers on bacterial communities in built environments is poorly understood. Therefore, we visualized the impact of walker occupancy combined with other factors (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, dust particles) on airborne bacterial features in the Sapporo underground pedestrian space in Sapporo, Japan. Air sampl...

The Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB) is a crucial component of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sounding suite and a valuable contribution from Brazil to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Aqua mission. Its design and functionality are practically identical to that of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B—proven on the latest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra...

Abundant evidence indicates that tropospheric specific humidity increases in a warmer atmosphere, at rates roughly comparable to those at constant relative humidity. While the implications for the planetary energy budget and global warming are well recognized, it is the net atmospheric cooling (or surface heating) that controls the hydrologic cycle. Relative humidity influences this directly th...

Radiances observed from IASI are compared to calculated ones. Calculated radiances are obtained using several radiative transfer models (OSS, LBLRTM v11.3 and v11.6) on best estimates of the atmospheric state vectors. The atmospheric state vectors are derived from cryogenic frost point hygrometer and humidity dry bias corrected RS92 measurements flown on sondes launched 1 h and 5 min before IAS...

To understand better the annual cycles of atmospheric humidity, radiosonde data were used to create climatologies of temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and precipitable water in the lower troposphere for 56 locations around the world for the period 1973-1990. On the basis of the annual ranges of relative humidity at the surface and at the 850, 700, and 500 mbar levels and the ratio of t...

The NOAA-15 weather satellite carries the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units-A and -B (AMSU-A, AMSU-B) which measure thermal emission from an atmospheric oxygen band, two water lines, and several window frequencies. An iterated minimum-variance algorithm retrieves profiles of temperature and humidity in the atmosphere from this data. Relative humidity is converted into absolute humidity with use...