Despite enthusiasm for patient-centered care, the practice of patient-centered care is proving challenging. Further, it is curious that the literature about this subject does not explicitly address patient autonomy, since (1) patients guide care in patient-centered care, and (2) respect for patient autonomy is a prominent health-care value. We argue that by explicitly adopting a relational conc...

Placebo-trials on HIV-infected pregnant women in developing countries like Thailand and Uganda have provoked recent controversy. Such experiments aim to find a treatment that will cut the rate of vertical transmission more efficiently than existing treatments like zidovudine. This scenario is first stated as generally as possible, before three ethical principles found in the Belmont Report, its...

Patients have a right to refuse medical treatment. But what should happen after a patient has refused recommended treatment? In many cases, patients receive alternative forms of treatment. These forms of care may be less cost-effective. Does respect for autonomy extend to providing these alternatives? How for does justice constrain autonomy? I begin by providing three arguments that such altern...

Personal powers of decision and individuality must be respected, grounded on autonomy expressed through informed consent. This paper examines data on the actual use of informed consent in public hospitals in Brazil's Federal District. A questionnaire was completed by dentists in public hospitals, and its findings show that verbal informed consent is obtained at the start of treatment in most of...

This article describes how a group of Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners were guided through the practice of writing their first academic essays in English. The method applied the principle of scaffolding to the essay writing process by providing flexible support for the learners during the writ- ing their first essays. Scaffolding included a number of aspects, each of which is explained i...

The design principle of maximizing local autonomy except when it conflicts with global robustness has led to a scalable Internet with enormous heterogeneity of both applications and infrastructure. These properties have not been achieved in the mechanisms for specifying and enforcing security policies. The STRONGMAN (for Scalable TRust Of Next Generation MANagement) system [14], [15] offers thr...

over the past 25 years, autonomy has been a popular focus for discussion and increasingly influential in foreign language educa- tion. most research is concentrated on learner autonomy, while teacher autonomy has been seriously neglected. recently, however, researchers and experts have realized that to enhance learner autonomy, we must enhance teacher autonomy (e.g., benson 2000; little 1995; l...

The idea of autonomy, presented as Kant’s main achievement in the Groundwork and second Critique, is hardly present ethics “Doctrine Virtue”. Against Pauline Kleingeld’s recent interpretation, I argue that this does not amount to a disappearance Principle Autonomy, but an important development notion autonomy. first show Kant still advocated Autonomy 1790s along with thought lawgiving through o...

BACKGROUND Patient autonomy has gradually replaced physician paternalism as an ethical ideal. However, in a medical context, the principle of individual autonomy has different meanings. More knowledge is needed about what is and should be an appropriate understanding of the concept of patient autonomy in clinical practice. AIM To challenge the traditional concept of patient autonomy by applyi...