UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to define the factors associated with nonvisualization of a sentinel node (SN) in the axilla area during preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. METHODS We retrospectively studied 332 women with T0, T1, or T2 <3-cm, N0 invasive breast cancer who underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure. All patients had intradermal and intraparenchymal injection of 37 MBq...

Introduction: Previous mastectomy remains a contraindication to SLNB as normal drainage patterns of the breast can be disturbed. Patients diagnosed with DCIS on core biopsy and later found to have microinvasive or invasive carcinoma at the time of mastectomy are deprived of the opportunity for SLNB and need to undergo axillary dissection. We explored the option and feasibility of performing SLN...

Knowledge of anatomic variants of veins in the arm and axilla play a key role in planning of successful venous access. Possible anatomic variants of axillary vein, brachial vein and basilic vein and their clinical implications have been well described in the literature. We report a rare case of formation of a short axillary vein associated with complex venous communications between the basilic ...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the correlations between rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and clinicopathological features and prognosis for patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis. METHODS A total of 118 breast cancer tissues with axillary lymph node metast...

Axillary bud outgrowth determines shoot architecture and is under the control of endogenous hormones and a fine-tuned gene-expression network, which probably includes small RNAs (sRNAs). Although it is well known that sRNAs act broadly in plant development, our understanding about their roles in vegetative bud outgrowth remains limited. Moreover, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) an...

BACKGROUND Identification and biopsy of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in early-stage breast cancer (T1-T2N0) has become the standard method in the surgical treatment of the axilla, due to its accuracy in the evaluation of axillary lymph node status,thus avoiding extensive axillary lymph node dissection inpatients with negative SLN. The aim of our study is to highlight the role of 99mTc-nanocoll...

introduction: many radiotracers have been used for sentinel node mapping with acceptable results. the main difference between these radiotracers is the particle size. in the current study, we reported defective labeling of tc-99m antimony sulfide colloid which resulted in large particle size. methods: tc-99m-antimony sulfide colloid was used for axillary sentinel node mapping of 45 breast cance...

The axillary lymph node status is the most reliable prognostic indicator of recurrence and overall survival in patients with breast cancer. The current standard surgical procedure for the management of invasive breast cancer is the complete removal of the cancer with total axillary clearance. However, recently, selective sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy is gaining acceptance as a useful a...