Iterative cycles of in vitro selection and amplification allow rare functional nucleic acid molecules, aptamers, to be isolated from large sequence pools. Here we present an analysis of the progression of a selection experiment that simultaneously yielded two families of RNA aptamers against two disparate targets: the intended target protein (B52/SRp55) and the partitioning matrix. We tracked t...

The relevant competitors in regard to innovation might, but not necessarily do, correspond to the identified competitors on actual product markets. Hence, the conventional analysis of product markets, in order to assess the potential anticompetitive effects of mergers, is insufficient to capture innovation competition in its full extent. As a consequence, the aim of this article is to introduce...

Serology and DNA techniques are employed for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing in different transplant centers. Results may not always correlate well and may need retyping with different technique. All the patients (with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, and immunodeficiency) and their donors, requiring HLA typing for bone marrow transplant were enrolled in the study. Serological HLA typing was ...

We investigate how the patterns of consumption and accumulation, as well as the patterns of time allocation and of social interaction, may be influenced by ‘social pressure’, i.e., by the choices of others. We display an evolutionary model involving several generations of interacting individuals, in which different patterns may coexist in equilibrium and in which path dependence and critical ma...

We analyze a model of wage payment practices in which strategic complementarities arise because each employer’s costs of delaying wages decrease with the arrears in its labor market. The model is estimated on panel data for workers and firms in Russia, facilitating identification through fixed effects for employees, employers, and local labor markets, and instrumental variables based on policy ...

IHRONIC GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, a markedly elevated white blood cell count with a spectrum of immature and mature granulocytic elements present, a proliferative granulocytic bone marrow, low levels or absence of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.’ The patient to be described had chronic granulocytic leuk...

of propositions This concept revolves around organizations and the differences of their embeddedness in the macro patterns of routines (economic policy regimes), which in turn may differentially provide them – and the system as a whole – with ‘procedural rationality’ in dealing with identified problems in their relevant complex environment. Regularities of interdependence are specified between ...

This paper considers the implications of James Scott’s Seeing Like a State (1998) and The Art of Not Being Governed (2009) for state-building efforts in Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In Seeing Like a State, Scott warns of the problems associated with top-down planning efforts to improve the human condition. In The Art of Not Being Governed, Scott discusses the ‘art...

This article provides an overview of the effects of communication on experimental studies of behavior and outcomes in common-pool resource (CPR) dilemmas. Aggregate outcomes in CPR dilemmas without communication approximate predictions of non-cooperative game theory, but allowing cheap talk results in higher outcomes. When exogenous rules are monitored at realistic levels, subjects cheat even t...