Thyroid cancer is a malignant thyroid neoplasm originating from follicular or parafollicular thyroid cells (Xing, 2013). In recent dec¬ades, thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy that has rapidly increased in global incidence (Jemal et al., 2011), and it now is increasing faster than other malignancy (Xie et al., 2012; Siegel et al., 2013). Although the death rate of thyroid cancer is...

The B7 family consists of structurally related, cell-surface proteins that regulate immune responses by delivering costimulatory or coinhibitory signals through their ligands. Eight family members have been identified to date including CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), CD274 (programmed cell death-1 ligand [PD-L1]), CD273 (programmed cell death-2 ligand [PD-L2]), CD275 (inducible costimulator ligand [I...

Results The expressions of B7-H1 and B7-H4 molecules were significantly higher on CD1c+ myeloid and BDCA-2+ plasmocytoid DCs in the first trimester of pregnancy when compared to the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. Moreover, the expressions of B7-H1 molecule on CD1c+ DCs in the second trimester of normal pregnancy were significantly higher when compared to the first trimester. In the third tr...

HIV/CMV co-infected persons despite prolonged viral suppression often experience persistent immune activation, have an increased frequency of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We examined how HIV MDSC control CD4+ T cell IFNγ response to a CMVpp65 peptide pool (CMVpp65). We show that HIV/CMV co-infected persons with virologic suppressi...

BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to study polymorphisms of the B7-H4 gene in order to evaluate a possible association in urothelial carcinoma, as it is highly expressed in cancer tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study B7-H4 gene rs10754339, rs10801935, and rs3738414 SNPs were studied by PCR-RFLP method in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 62 urothelial carcinoma patients and in a control gr...

The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, w...

PURPOSE Although the prognostic value of B7-H1 and B7-H4 expression by tumor cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been established, the role of B7-H3 is unknown. As such, we evaluated the association of B7-H3 expression with clinicopathologic outcomes in patients treated for ccRCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nephrectomy specimens from 743 consecutive patients treated for ccRCC at our...