In pine wilt disease (PWD), embolized tracheids arise after virulent pine wood nematodes (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, invade the resin canal of pine tree; infected pine trees finally die from significant loss of xylem water conduction. We used a compact magnetic resonance imaging system with a U-shaped radio frequency (rf) probe coil to reveal the developmental process of the xylem dysfun...

The authors ran 3 experiments to investigate how catchers deal with the horizontal component of the ball's trajectory in an interception task during locomotion. The experiments were built upon the finding that velocity adaptations are based upon changes in the horizontal angular position or velocity of the ball with respect to the observer (M. Lenoir, M. Janssens, E. Musch, E. Thiery, J. Uytten...

BACKGROUND Belt or wire shaped TiO2(B) particles were synthesized for lithium ion battery application by a hydrothermal and heat treatment process. In order to facilitate TiO2(B)/C composites fabrication, the synthesized TiO2(B) particles were crushed into smaller sizes by ball milling. RESULTS Ball mill treated TiO2(B) particles of less than 1.0 μm with a fraction of anatase phase, compared ...

This work proposes a novel flexible manipulator consisting of series 2-DOF vertebrae based on ball-and-socket joint that is connected by ball-shaped surface and cup-shaped socket constrained pins for circumferential rotation. can demonstrate outstanding torsional stiffness since the rotation between four ball pins. The point contact guideways effectively reduces friction vertebrae, thus allowin...

Prior to European settlement, the 450 000-ha Pine Barrens region in northwestern Wisconsin, USA, was characterized by a landscape mosaic of large, open patches, savannas, and closed forest stands of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Crown-fires created large open patches that persisted on the droughty soils, providing important habitat for a number of area-sensitive, open-habitat species. Insect out...

background and objectives: nowadays, considerable to food biodegradable and edible packaging increased. synthetic packaging due to the problems environment edible coating are thin layer of material which are on the surface of food products and increased the shelf life of foodstuff by providing a moisture and oxygen barrier. edible coatings might be used as carriers of various substances, includ...