background: familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (ibgc) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which is usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. ibgc is genetically heterogeneous and slc20a2, on chromosome 8p21.1–8q11.23, is the first gene found in ibgc-affected patients with varied ancestry. on the other hand, several candidate genes for ibgc on chromosome 2q37, including t...

in this study, we focused on the gait of parkinson’s disease (pd) and presented a gray box model for it. we tried to present a model for basal ganglia structure in order to generate stride time interval signal in model output for healthy and pd states. because of feedback role of dopamine neurotransmitter in basal ganglia, this part is modelled by “elman network”, which is a neural network stru...

nitrogen (n) affects adversely the tobacco yield quantity and quality as it increases yield, chlorine and nicotine contents, but decrease potassium content. this experiment was aimed at optimization of (the balance between) n concentration in leaf, stem and root to increase both yield quantity and quality (high potassium, low chlorine and medium nicotine contents) using artificial neural networ...

abstract salivary gland tumors are among the pathologies in the head and neck that may be challenging in diagnosis and treatment. most benign tumors occur in the parotid gland. pleomorphic adenoma is the most common type. basal cell adenoma is a subtype of the monomorphic adenoma with rare occurrence. proper diagnosis and clinical evaluation by the use of radiography can lead the physician to t...

background and objective: cutaneous cytology is the study of scraping or smears obtained from skin lesions. although not commonly employed, cutaneous cytology has been a useful tool for clinicians due to simplified procedures and high sensitivity and specificity of presurgical clinical diagnosis of common types of skin tumors. this investigation was conducted to study usefulness of cutaneous cy...

gorlin-goltz syndrome (ggs) consists of ectodermal and mesodermal abnormalities. in this case report we will investigate lower extremity lesions of ggs. a 52-year-old man with ggs underwent skull and lower extremity computer tomography. radiographic findings included cervical spondylosis, transparent areas with slurred margins, and cerebral falx calcification. tibial and fibular specific cortic...

basal cell carcinoma (bcc) is the most common cancer of the skin. definite diagnosis usually requires histological examination but recently it has been suggested that cytological examination of skin smear can be used as an alternative. to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of cytological examination, a total of 125 skin lesions, clinically suspected to be bcc were studied. cytological samples...

background: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in iran. more than 70% of cases are negative for the hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) and have a long-term response to antiviral therapy, as well as a high relapse rate after discontinuing lamivudine or interferon. these features could be due, in part, to genetic variation of the hbv genome. materials...

there is an impression that basal cell carcinomas (bcc) occurring in younger population may be of more invasive behavior in comparison to those arising in older patients. the purpose of this study was to investigate this hypothesis by comparing the histological types of bcc in a large cohort of young and old patients. a total of 287 histological reports and clinical records were evaluated. a co...

traumatic basal ganglia hematoma is a rare condition defined as presence of hemorrhagic lesions in basal ganglia or adjacent structures suchas internal capsule, putamen and thalamus. bilateral basal ganglia hematoma are among the devastating and rare condition. we herein report a 28-year old man, a victim of car-car accident who was brought to our surgical emergency room by immediate loss of co...