Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are metabolic and inflammatory-derived electrophiles that mediate pleiotropic signaling actions. It was hypothesized that NO2-FA would impact mitochondrial redox reactions to induce tissue-protective metabolic shifts in cells. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) reversibly inhibited complex II-linked respiration in isolated rat heart mitochondria in a pH-dependent manner and su...

Short p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is crucial for epidermis formation, and it plays a pivotal role in controlling the turnover of basal keratinocytes by regulating the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell cycle and cell adhesion programs. The glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) represents the first step of glucose utilization in cells. The family of HKs has four isoforms that differ mainly ...

SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are mitochondrial deacylases that impact multiple facets of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. SIRT3 activates several mitochondrial enzymes, SIRT4 represses its targets, and SIRT5 has been shown to both activate and repress mitochondrial enzymes. To gain insight into the relative effects of the mitochondrial sirtuins in governing mitochondrial energy metaboli...

INTRODUCTION Results on mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis are controversial. We aimed to assess effects of LPS at wide dose and time ranges on hepatocytes and isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were exposed to placebo or LPS (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) for 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours and primary human hepatocytes to 1 μg/mL LPS or placebo (4, 8...

Damage to renal tubular and mesangial cells is central to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of diabetes which can lead to renal failure. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in DN. Since the kidney is an organ with high bioenergetic needs...

Permafrost peatland is a unique ecosystem that represents huge carbon terrestrial pool. Soil quality has relatively high level of variation at small scale in this and closely related to the cycle. To quantify variability, we analyzed total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrient, element (sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium), microbial respiration activities (microbial biomass soil bas...

Addition of fatty acids to isolated hepatocytes raised respiration rate by 92% and raised mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) in situ from 155 to 162 mV suggesting that the increased fuel supply had a greater effect on respiration rate than any increases in processes that consumed mitochondrial protonmotive force (delta p). The relationship between delta psi m and respiration rate wa...

Pisum sativum L. cv. Trapper plants were inoculated and grown in a controlled environment on N-free nutrient solution. After 4 weeks N was supplied to treatment plants as NH(4)NO(3), KNO(3), or NH(4)Cl and rates of C(2)H(2) reduction, root + nodule respiration, and leaf photosynthesis were determined 1 week later. The increase in respiration per unit of C(2)H(2) reduction was not affected by ei...

reactive oxygen species (ros) are produced in many normal and abnormal processes in humans, including atheroma, asthma, joint diseases, cancer, and aging. basal levels of ros production  in  cells  could  be  related  to  several  physiological functions  including  cell proliferation, apoptosis and homeostasis. however, excessive ros production above basal levels would impair and oxidize dna, ...

this study was conducted to determine soil properties that correlate with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) spore numbers in semiarid calcareous soils of hamadan province in northwestern of iran. soil samples from six sites managed differently were collected from a 0 to 30 cm depth. the results showed that land use and management systems had a significant effect on amf spore number in soi...