55 Abstract Promoting reuse at sophisticated levels is becoming an increasingly important part. Software reuse is the process of reusing the existing software components from the system rather than developing the components newly. As software reuser’s include the reusable software components to improve the productivity and quality in their product, they must be able to measure the reusability d...

Abstract Local search (LS) algorithms are efficient metaheuristics to solve combinatorial problems. The performance of LS highly depends on the neighborhood exploration solutions. Many methods have been developed over years improve efficiency different problems operations research. In particular, strategy and exclusion irrelevant neighboring solutions design mechanisms that be carefully conside...

We study the distance constrained vehicle routing problem (DVRP) [20, 21]: given a set of vertices in a metric space, a specified depot, and a distance bound D, find a minimum cardinality set of tours originating at the depot that covers all vertices, such that each tour has length at most D. This problem is NP-complete, even when the underlying metric is induced by a weighted star. Our main re...

In Manet’s Dynamics and Robustness are the key features of the nodes and are governed by several routing protocols such as AODV, DSR and so on. However in the network the growing resource demand leads to resource scarcity. The Node Mobility often leads to the link breakages and high routing overhead decreasing the stability and reliability of the network connectivity. In this context, the paper...

Difficulty of reading scholarly papers is significantly reduced by reader-friendly writing principles. Writing reader-friendly text, however, is challenging due to difficulty in recognizing problems in one’s own writing. To help scholars identify and correct potential writing problems, we introduce SWAN (Scientific Writing AssistaNt) tool. SWAN is a rule-based system that gives feedback based o...

Fast and sensitive response electrochemical sensor based on CoFe2O4 nanoparticle and 1-buthyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide room temperature ionic liquids carbon paste electrode (CoFe2O4/NP/ILs/CPE) is fabricated for the determination of Xanthine (Xt) in the presences of Caffeine in fish and fruit samples. In the first step, CoFe2O4</su...

The jigsaw puzzle is a well known problem, which many encounter during childhood. Given a set of parts, one needs to reconstruct the original image. This problem is known to be NP-complete. In this paper I describe a greedy solver with several improvements. Before discussing the general idea and improvements, I will discuss some important known metrics that will help us clarify the solver algor...

We introduce the Bipartite Multi-cut problem. This is a generalization of the st-Min-cut problem, is similar to the Multi-cut problem (except for more stringent requirements) and also turns out to be an immediate generalization of the Min UnCut problem. We prove that this problem is NP-hard and then present LP and SDP based approximation algorithms. While the LP algorithm is based on the Garg-V...

Background Nonyl phenol (NP) has been considered an endocrine disrupting substance causing reproductive dysfunction and increase in reactive oxygen species production in different organs including testis. vitamin E (VitE) is a potent scavenger of free radicals and is able to prevent the membrane damage mediated by free radicals The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of Vi...