This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The problem seeks to minimize both operation costs BESS investment. proposed model includes restrictions the conventional security-constrained unit commitment problem, piece-wise approximation power losses, hydro generation units. is tested in 6-bus test sys...

The concept of ‘Buildings as Power Stations’ (BAPS) represents a major shift in the way that electricity is generated, stored and used. Buildings are no longer simply consumers of electricity, but active players in the electric power system. Reducing energy demand to ‘PassivHaus’ levels of performance and the full integration of photovoltaic modules and wind turbines with buildings is itself a ...

A suitable sizing of electrical energy amount necessary to be stored on board is one of the most important conditions to assure the optimal operational environment of modern automotive vehicles. The paper presents a short synthesis of an original method to determine the available energy (capacity) or state of charge (SOC) of the on board leadacid starting battery of land automotive vehicles, de...

In this paper an idea for hybridization of conventional vehicles has proposed. The case study performed on one of the common vehicles on country roads i.e. Samand. This vehicle has high production volume but low fuel performance therefore hybridization of it could be attractive for its manufacture. This paper aims that the hybridization idea and its structure to need minimum mechanical modifica...