the present article studies and analyses plan and planning in iran with respect to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its functioning. iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7 constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after the revolution). right now, iran is implementing her third developmental plan. two...

In this article, we analyze the application of options contract in the special commodity supply chain such as fresh agricultural products. This problem is discussed from the point of the retailer. When spot market and future market are both available, we discuss how the retailer chooses the optimal production. Furthermore, overconfidence is introduced to the supply chain of the fresh agricultur...

Objective. To determine the association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and the clinical outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients who have initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method. A total of 197 antiretroviral-naive adults who initiated HAART between 2009 and 2011 were recruited. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire twice to assess their Yang-Deficient Constit...

Speaking before a capacity crowd ·Wednesday night in room 102 of the Seales Fine Arts Center, Louis Henkin addr~sed the problems facing a democratic nation iri "formulating foreign policy. Henkin's presentation was the first lecture of the spring season of the Tocqueville Forum: Democracy and Foreign Policy. Henkin began his lecture by ~laining what he feels is a buzzword in Ameriean politics; ...

Lamport’s Happened-before relation is fundamental to coordinating actions in asynchronous systems. Its role is less dominant in synchronous systems, in which bounds are available on transmission times over channels. This paper initiates a study of the role that time bounds play in synchronous systems by focusing on two classes of problems: Ordered Response, in which a triggering event must be f...

INTRODUCTION The chemical industry is a much safer place to work than many industries with fewer inherent hazards. Nevertheless, almost all the accidents that have occurred need not have occurred. Most of them have happened before and have been described in published reports. Someone knew how to prevent them even if the people on the job at the time did not. There is something seriously wrong w...