The crystal structure of the title compound, C(26)H(21)NO(3)·0.25H(2)O, reveals one stereogenic centre in the mol-ecule. Nevertheless, due to the observed centrosymmetric space group, both enanti-omers are present in the crystal packing. The water molecule of crystallisation is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The mol-ecule contains one five-membered ring (A) and three six-member...

Apical membranes of renal epithelial cells were shown to be more rigid than other plasma membranes, due in part to the abundance of sphingomyelin among their constituent phospholipids. Tight junctions play a key role in maintaining differences between the apical and the basolateral domains of the plasma membrane with respect to their lipid composition and fluidity. To evaluate the influence of ...

A simple, rapid, precise and accurate HPLC – UV procedure has been developed to determine benzaldehyde, the toxic oxidation product of the widely used preservative and Co – solvent, benzyl alcohol, in injectable formulations. Benzaldehyde as a main potential impurity of benzyl alcohol may cause many toxic effects such as neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity in human and fatal toxic syndrome in prema...

Topical microemulsion of capsaicin without surfactant was developed in this study. In these systems, the oil phase was benzyl alcohol, and the cosurfactant was propylene glycol and ethanol. The drop-size of the systems was measured by dynamic light scattering method in order to distinguish true solution from microemulsion. The transdermal performance of the microemulsions was evaluated in vitro...

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in aqueous solution, under acidic conditions, through the TiO2/Cu(II)/solar UV photocatalytic system, was investigated. Different commercial TiO2 samples were tested. The best result found, in terms of yield, was of 35% for benzaldehyde with respect to the initial benzyl alcohol concentration. During a single run, a partial conversion of ben...

Tolerance to drugs that affect neural activity is mediated, in part, by adaptive mechanisms that attempt to restore normal neural excitability. Changes in the expression of ion channel genes are thought to play an important role in these neural adaptations. The slo gene encodes the pore-forming subunit of BK-type Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, which regulate many aspects of neural activity. Gi...

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in many physiological processes including senescence, fruit ripening, and defence. Here the effects of pollination and wound-induced ethylene signals on transcript accumulation of benzoyl CoA:benzyl alcohol/phenylethanol benzoyltransferase (PhBPBT) are shown in Petuniaxhybrida cv. Mitchell 'Diploid' (MD). In petunia, PhBPBT is responsible for the bio...

The antiemetic maropitant, with metacresol as preservative (Cerenia, Zoetis), has been associated with pain after subcutaneous injection in dogs and cats. Recently, a generic formulation containing benzyl alcohol was authorised (Prevomax, Le Vet). Benzyl alcohol is reported to have local anaesthetic properties and reduce injection pain. This study compared local pain after subcutaneous injectio...

BACKGROUND Intravitreal triamcinolone has increasingly been used for the treatment of oedematous and neovascular diseases and purification of triamcinolone suspension may be important in order to avoid the potential toxic effects of the vehicle. The aim was to evaluate different techniques used to reduce the solvent agent benzyl alcohol (9.9 mg/ml) from a commercially prepared triamcinolone ace...