Occupational exposure to metals such as cobalt and beryllium represents a risk factor for respiratory health and can cause immune-mediated diseases. However, the way they act may be different. We show here that the two metals have a divergent effect on peripheral T lymphocytes and monocytes: BeSO(4) induces cell death in monocytes but not in T lymphocytes, which instead respond by producing Int...

In this paper, application of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) is considered for the structural optimization of continuum structures using an isoline/isosurface topology optimization algorithm. First, the methodology is described for 2D design domains in which the design boundary is represented by isolines of strain energy density (SED) in a fixed-grid design space. The optimization a...

Abstract This paper presents a new strategy to distribute two different materials for multi-material topology optimization. Extended from the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method single material, bidirectional (MBESO) has been developed, which can effectively handle problems involving like steel and concrete. However, in some special cases, overloading of part compr...

Investigations of genotoxic effects of particles have almost exclusively been performed by organic extraction, while direct investigations in cells capable of engulfing particles have only been performed in few cases. Thus, in most studies, the eventual effects of particle-associated metal compounds have remained undiscovered. The present study attempted direct measurement of genotoxic effects ...

Interactive mass customisation is changing practice in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Future workflows software systems could address human-in-the-loop technology to augment human creative capacities. Early design stages require quick well-informed decisions response data available from building information modelling technology. Architectural de-sign has been tr...