The IETF Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) protocol supports arbitrary link technologies between TRILL switches, including point-to-point links and multi-access Local Area Network (LAN) links that can have multiple TRILL switches and end stations attached. TRILL uses Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing. This document specifies the establishment, reporti...

In this paper, a new topology is proposed for three-phase to single-phase matrix converters, where more voltage levels are produced in the output in comparison with the conventional topologies. In addition, a new control method based on minimum error between the generated and the desired output voltages is proposed for three-phase to single-phase matrix converters. In the proposed control metho...

<span lang="EN-US">Multilevel power converters are becoming increasingly used in several sectors: energy, grid-tie renewable energy systems, High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, and a multitude of industrial applications. However, the multilevel consist drives high number switches, which leads to considerable cost an increased size device. Thus, novel topology bidirectional in...

Conventionally, bidirectional optogenetic switches are controlled with linear excitation (e.g., monochromatic CW light), which has serious limitations when there is a spectral overlap between the “on” and “off” states of switch. The crosstalk lowers selectivity photoactivation step, resulting in moderate photoequilibrium value poor dynamic range for Using stimulated depletion quenching (SDQ), n...

Abstract This article presents a dual‐source novel nine‐level inverter (DSN2LI) featuring minimal devices. Utilizing eight switches, which include 2 bidirectional switching devices and uneven dc links, the proposed DSN2LI generates nine levels. The employs utilization of trinary geometric DC links. Compared to certain other sequences, it produces highest voltage level with fewest links Further,...

This paper presents a novel high-efficiency three-port bidirectional DC–DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. A PV system’s output is stepped up to supply DC bus or load while charging the battery. When insufficient, battery voltage bus; when has excess energy, it down charge Thus, step-up/step-down achieved. common-core coupled inductor was designed and adopted in proposed converter. Pow...

This paper presents a novel sparse matrix converter configuration that needs no bulky energy storage capacitors or inductors, and employs only unidirectional power semiconductor switches. The source side bridge is switched at the line frequency and therefore, this allows the use of the low speed high power rating switches. This feature and the use of diode-clamped multilevel topology at the out...

In this paper a new design for 6 bit DMTL phase shifter with only 32 MEMS switches is proposed. The reduction in number of switches in ordinary 6 bit phase shifter from 63 to 32 is due to combination of one 5.625 degree for least significant bit and 11.25 degree for the rest of the switches. Decreasing the number of the switches reduces the die-size as well as loss of the CPW line. Analytical s...

Direct current circuit breakers (DCCBs) have become a large research topic and are considered one of the critical components for future DC grids. Proposed DCCB concepts may be grouped into hybrid DCCBs active resonant DCCBs. In this work, enhanced (EAR) family is introduced. EAR combine elements The consists unidirectional six bidirectional concepts. All feature proactive commutation. main char...