We show there exist smooth asymptotically anti-de Sitter initial data which evolve to a big crunch singularity in a low energy supergravity limit of string theory. This opens up the possibility of using the dual conformal field theory to obtain a fully quantum description of the cosmological singularity. A preliminary study of this dual theory suggests that the big crunch is an endpoint of evol...

Modern power system networks are operated under highly stressed conditions and there is a risk of voltage instability problems owing to increased load demand. A power system needs to be with sufficient voltage stability margin for secured operation. In this study, SVC parameters of location and size along with generator bus voltages, transformer tap settings are considered as control parameters...

During the history of science of computational, many evolutionary algorithms approaches were proposed having more or less success in solving various optimization problems. The algorithm is applied for numerical simulations based on optimized proportional integral derivative (PID) control of an automatic regulator voltage system for nominal system parameters and step reference voltage input illu...

Transmission congestion is the major challenge in the operation of competitive power market. Sufficient transmission corridor is necessary for realization of power transaction. This paper proposes an efficient approach for transmission congestion management using the Black Hole Algorithm (BHA). Congestion is relieved by rescheduling of real power from the market clearing schedule. BHA is a rece...

We consider spacetimes N satisfying some structural conditions, which are still fairly general, and prove convergence results for the leaves of an inverse mean curvature flow. Moreover, we define a new spacetime N̂ by switching the light cone and using reflection to define a new time function, such that the two spacetimes N and N̂ can be pasted together to yield a smooth manifold having a metric ...

An accurate optimal design of laminated composite structures may present considerable difficulties due to the complexity and multi-modality of the functional design space. The Big Bang – Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization method is a relatively new technique and has already proved to be a valuable tool for structural optimization. In the present study the exceptional efficiency of the method is de...

We study a quotient Conformal Field Theory, which describes a 3 + 1 dimensional cosmological spacetime. Part of this spacetime is the Nappi-Witten (NW) universe, which starts at a “big bang” singularity, expands and then contracts to a “big crunch” singularity at a finite time. The gauged WZW model contains a number of copies of the NW spacetime, with each copy connected to the preceeding one a...

Reactive power planning is one of the most challenging problem for efficient and source operation of an interconnected power network. It requires effective and optimum co-ordination of all the reactive power sources present in the network. Recently, Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is evolved and finds its application in the field of engineering optimization. In the propose...