Scheduling of crude oil operations is an important and complex routine task in a refinery. It involves crude oil unloading, tank allocation, storage and blending of crudes, and CDU charging. Optimal crude oil scheduling can increase profits by exploiting cheaper but poor quality crudes, minimizing crude changeovers, avoiding ship demurrage, and managing crude inventory optimally. In our previou...

Network management often relies on machine learning to make predictions about performance and security from network traffic. Often, the representation of traffic is as important choice model. The features that model on, those features, ultimately determine accuracy, well where whether can be deployed in practice. Thus, design evaluation these models requires understanding not only accuracy but ...

The foremost questions debated in biofuel research reports and the press include 1) what impact will expansion of biofuel have on shortand intermediate-term food prices and security? 2) How will agriculture expand shortand intermediate-term output in response to increased shortand intermediate-term demand for food and feedstock, and 3) What will expanded biofuel production cost? Yet, there has ...

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), wastewater discharged from the palm refinery industry, is classified as an environmental pollutant. In this work, a heterogeneous catalytic process for biojet fuel or green kerosene production was investigated. The enzymatic hydrolysis of POME firstly performed in order to obtain hydrolysed (HPOME) rich free fatty acid (FFA) content. variations water content (30 5...

The rapidly growing biofuel industry poses considerable challenges to its supply chain network design and operations. In this chapter, we introduce key characteristics of the biofuel supply chain that comprises of feedstock production, biomass logistics, biofuel production and distribution. We then discuss the recent literature on biofuel supply chain models. Using an illustrative biofuel suppl...

The aim of the thesis is to describe how the minimum biofuel requirement affects the monopolistic oil markets. This is an increasingly important questions, because the governments are smoothing the biofuel’s way into the fuel markets for both the economical and environmental reasons. The focus in this thesis is mainly on the minimum biofuel requirement, but at times that policy is compared also...

This review considers the literature published since 1994 on microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells. Types of biofuel cell are classified according to the nature of the electrode reaction and the nature of the biochemical reactions. The performance of fuel cells is critically reviewed and a variety of possible applications is considered. The current direction of development of biofuel cells is c...

Wastewater is not a liability, instead considered as resource for microbial fermentation and value-added products. Most of the wastewater contains various nutrients like nitrates phosphates apart from organic constituents that favor growth. Microalgae are unicellular aquatic organisms widely used treatment. Various cultivation methods such open, closed, integrated have been reported microalgal ...