skin grafting always has been considered a challenging task for the researchers and tissue engineers from its first introduction in 1871 by reverdin. skin substitutes, composed of degradable synthetic or biological components, are being considered as emergency replacements/grafts to the damaged skin. a number of technical developments in this filed have led to development of several skin substi...

Introduction Individual X-Ray diffraction patterns of biological tissues are obtained via interference of coherent scattering with their electrons. Many scientists have distinguished normal and cancerous breast tissue, bone density, and urinary stone types using the X-Ray diffraction patterns resulting from coherent scattering. The goal of this study was to introduce an optimized method for obt...

Minimizing the distance between sample and detector achieves high spatial resolution while maintaining contrast of biological tissue.

A detailed study of stereoscopy of tissue sections with the transmission electron microscope has been carried out using different tilt angles and staining techniques, aided with models. Pictures with tilt angle difference of 20 or more can be fused to give pairs of micrographs showing stereodepth. Cytoplasmic filaments, glycogen and ribosomal granules give good stereodepth. Oblique membranes, e...

Synthetic mesh products have been used to repair abdominal wall defects (eg, hernias) for many years. Biological mesh products are now available as an option when synthetic mesh products are not appropriate. To correctly prepare biological tissue grafts for use in the OR, perioperative nurses must understand the types of grafts available. Biological tissue grafts may be harvested from human, po...