background: cadmium (cd) is an extremely toxic metal and environmental exposure to cd has been particularly problematic in the world. oral exposure to cd may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. compounds containing cd are also carcinogenic. the presence of cd in drinking water resources in the southeastern region of rafsanjan plain...

the activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of microorganisms under aerobic conditions. the system usually includes a secondary treatment given to the settled sewage, and requires an environment in which active microorganisms are maintained in intimate contact with wastewater in the presence of sufficient oxygen. in this study, the treatment of ...

Perchlorate (ClO4) release into the environment has occurred primarily in association with its manufacture and use in solid rocket propellant. When released into groundwater, perchlorate can spread over large distances because it is highly soluble in water and adsorbs poorly to soil. Two proven techniques to remove perchlorate from drinking water are anaerobic biological reactors and ion exchan...