Bioprospecting of novel antibiotics has been the conventional norm research fostered by researchers worldwide to combat drug resistance. With exhaustion incessant leads, search for new chemical entities moves into uncharted territories such as deep sea. The sea is a furthermost ecosystem with much untapped biodiversity thriving under extreme conditions. Accordingly, it also encompasses vast poo...

Molluscs provided one of the pioneering approved pharmaceuticals from seas: painkiller ziconotide, developed an ω-conotoxin isolated cone snails. As marine biotechnologists are turning towards immense range novel bioproducts invertebrates, little attention has been given to cephalotoxins, a group obscure proteinaceous toxins produced by salivary glands coleoids, i.e., octopuses, squids and cutt...

Microorganisms are indispensable for every aspect of human life, in fact all life on earth, although they cannot be seen by the naked eye. Since time immemorial, every process in the biosphere has been affected by the apparently unending ability of microbes to renovate the world around them. More recently, many discoveries have been made in isolating a special class of microorganisms, mainly fu...