given a graph $g$, let $g^sigma$ be an oriented graph of $g$ with the orientation $sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $s(g^sigma)$. then the spectrum of $s(g^sigma)$ consisting of all the eigenvalues of $s(g^sigma)$ is called the skew-spectrum of $g^sigma$, denoted by $sp(g^sigma)$. the skew energy of the oriented graph $g^sigma$, denoted by $mathcal{e}_s(g^sigma)$, is defined as the sum of the n...

This work aims to introduce and study a new kind of divisor graph which is called idempotent graph, it denoted by . Two non-zero distinct vertices v1 v2 are adjacent if only , for some non-unit element We establish fundamental properties as well it’s connection with also planarity this graph.

In this paper, we verify the diameter of zero divisor graphs with respect to direct product. Keywords—Atomic lattice, complement of graph, diameter, direct product of lattices, 0-distributive lattice, girth, product of graphs, prime ideal, zero divisor graph.

Abstract Graphs have been widely adopted in various fields, where many graph models are developed. Most of previous research focuses on unipartite or homogeneous analysis. In this graphs, the relationships between same type entities preserved graphs. Meanwhile, bipartite graphs that model complex among different with vertices partitioned into two disjoint sets, becoming increasing popular and u...

This paper investigates properties of the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring and its genus. In particular, we determine all isomorphism classes of finite commutative rings with identity whose zero-divisor graph has

Abstract. A sum divisor cordial labeling of a graph G with vertex set V is a bijection f from V to {1,2,...,| ( ) |} V G such that each edge uv assigned the label 1 if 2 divides ( ) ( ) f u f v + and 0 otherwise. Further, the number of edges labeled with 0 and the number of edges labeled with 1 differ by at most 1. A graph with a sum divisor cordial labeling is called a sum divisor cordial grap...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $I$ proper ideal of $R$. In this paper we introduce the ideal-based quasi zero divisor graph $Q\Gamma_{I}(R)$ respect to which is an undirected vertex set $V=\{a\in R\backslash\sqrt{I}:$ $ab\in I$ for some $b\in R\backslash\sqrt{I}\}$ two distinct vertices $a$ $b$ are adjacent if only I$. We study basic properties such as diameter, girth, dominato...

the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring r with respect to nilpotent elements is a simple undirected graph $gamma_n^*(r)$ with vertex set z_n(r)*, and two vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy is nilpotent and xy is nonzero, where z_n(r)={x in r: xy is nilpotent, for some y in r^*}. in this paper, we investigate the basic properties of $gamma_n^*(r)$. we discuss when it will be eu...