PURPOSE To analyze the usefulness of the weight gain/height gain ratio from birth to two and three years of age as a predictive risk indicator of excess weight at preschool age. METHODS The weight and height/length of 409 preschool children at daycare centers were measured according to internationally recommended rules. The weight values and body mass indices of the children were transformed ...

Epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products have traditionally focused on total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentration as a surrogate for maternal exposure during pregnancy. We used birth certificate data on 196,000 infants to examine the effect of third-trimester exposures on various indices of fetal development. We examined the effect of town-average concentrations of TTHM and additional e...

Cerebral language lateralization can be assessed in several ways. In healthy subjects, functional MRI (fMRI) during performance of a language task has evolved to be the most frequently applied method. Functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) may provide a valid alternative, but has been used rarely. Both techniques have their own strengths and weaknesses and as a result may be applied in differen...

OBJECTIVE To find out the predictive value of intrapartum Cardiotocograph (CTG) in terms of fetal acid base status at birth in women undergoing emergency caesarean section for a suboptimal CTG trace. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY At the MCH Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from June 2004 to July 2005. METHODOLOGY All women undergoi...

AIM To compare the growth patterns of breast fed and formula fed Italian infants in the first 12 months of life using World Health Organisation (WHO) reference data. METHODS The growth patterns of 73 breast fed infants (36 male, 37 female) and 65 formula fed infants (35 male, 30 female) were compared. Solid foods were introduced with the same weaning schedules from the 5th month in both group...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of two tocolytics, nifedipine and magnesium sulfate, on Doppler indices in maternal and fetal vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 100 pregnant women with preterm birth between 24-36 gestational weeks who were admitted to our tertiary center over a two-year period. Patients were allocated to nifedipine (n=49) and magnesium sulfate (n=51) groups and ...

BACKGROUND Growth is one of the most important indices in child health. The best and most effective way to investigate child health is measuring the physical growth indices such as weight, height and head circumference. Among these measures, weight growth is the simplest and the most effective way to determine child growth status. Weight trend at a given age is the result of cumulative growth e...

The association between low birth weight and high blood pressure is well established, but underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Vascular rarefaction, which may elevate peripheral vascular resistance, has been observed in capillaries of young men at risk for hypertension and men who had low birth weight. We looked for evidence that capillary rarefaction explains the association of low birth we...

OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of 24 and 48 hours transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) index for predicting subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term neonates. METHODS TcB indices were obtained for healthy, breastfed, term AGA newborns at 24 +/- 2, 48 +/- 2 and subsequently at intervals of 24 hours. Neonates with illness, on treatment and positive Direct Coomb's test were excluded....

Background: Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most prevalent problems in children after infection and trauma. Growth and development are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors that incept of the early life of the fetal and neonatal periods. Due to the importance of the development in children, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth in...