In seeking for more effective ways of fertility control and improvement of maternal and child health through birth spacing in a predominantly patrilineal society like Nigeria, this study explores how the sex of a previous child affects birth interval among ethnic groups, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. The study utilized birth history data from the 2008 Nigeria Demograp...

The relationship between interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight, preterm birth, and small size for gestational age) was examined in three recent studies conducted in Utah and Michigan of the United States. These studies were conducted among different populations, used different study designs (i.e., cross-sectional and retrospective cohort designs), and addres...

The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether women born prematurely or with impaired fetal growth have a reduced probability of giving birth. Using Swedish population-based registries, the authors identified 148,281 women born in 1973-1975 for follow-up until 2001. Of these women, 4.1% were born preterm and 0.32% very preterm, 0.29% were born with a very low birth weight, and 5.4% w...

BACKGROUND Stillbirth is one of general medical issues that could contribute significantly to creating nations like Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related factors of stillbirth among deliveries at Amhara region, Ethiopia. METHODS The study used the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) data collected from 2555 eligible Amhara region women in 2014. Bi...

BACKGROUND The distribution of birth intervals can be used to draw attention to important characteristics of dynamics of fertility process. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic, demographic and proximate determinants on the length of birth intervals of women of Bangladesh and also to see whether the effects are changed over the years. METHODS Birth inter...

OBJECTIVE We seek to expand on a biopsychosocial framework underlying the etiology of excess preterm birth experienced by African-American women by exploring short inter-pregnancy intervals as a partial explanatory factor. DESIGN We conducted a qualitative analyses of published studies that met specified criteria for assessing the association of inter-pregnancy interval and preterm birth. M...

OBJECTIVE To re-evaluate the causal effect of interpregnancy interval on adverse birth outcomes, on the basis that previous studies relying on between mother comparisons may have inadequately adjusted for confounding by maternal risk factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using conditional logistic regression (matching two intervals per mother so each mother acts as her own control) to mo...

Congenital retardation of renal development may increase the risk of renal disease, and this risk may be enhanced by diseases, such as diabetes, that damage the kidney. In this study, the prevalence of urinary albumin excretion, determined in 308 Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes, was 63% in subjects with low birth weight (<2,500 g), 41% in those with normal birth weight (2,500-4,499 g), and 64...

passive smoking (ps), a well-known health risk, is the major source of indoor pollution. there is some inconsistent evidence that ps during pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of ps exposure during pregnancy on weight, length and cranial circumference at birth of babies born to women who have described themselves as nons...

The breeding season was investigated in 174 female cats that were acclimated under a natural photoperiod, and determined the interval between birth and initial estrus (puberty) was determined in 125 cats. Although the breeding season differed noticeably among individual animals, the mean was 180.4 +/- 3.0 (SE) days between the end of January and the end of July. The interval between birth and f...