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One of the principal aims of alternative cropping systems is to minimize excessive loss of N while maximizing N use efficiency and meeting crop N requirements. Many such cropping systems substitute intensive application of synthetic fertilizer with organic inputs, such as N2-fixing legumes. The effectiveness of legume residues as a N source for subsequent crops depends heavily on temporal N rel...

Abstract Zohary and Hopf coined the term ‘founder crops’ to refer a specific group of eight plants, namely three cereals (einkorn, emmer barley), four legumes (lentil, pea, bitter vetch chickpea), fibre/oil crop (flax), that founded early Neolithic agriculture in southwest Asia. considered these taxa as first cultivated domesticated species, well those agricultural communities exploited eventua...

to evaluate the yield and quality of barley (hordeum vulgare)–vetch (vicia desycarpa) intercropping, a series of experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the college of agriculture, university of tehran, in karaj (iran) from 2003 to 2005. the ex-periments were arranged in a randomized complete block with a split plot design and four replications. three levels (0, 45 and 90 kg n h...

Cover crops are important components of sustainable agricultural systems. They increase surface residue and aid in the reduction of soil erosion. They improve the structure and water-holding capacity of the soil and thus increase the effectiveness of applied N fertilizer. Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch and crimson clover fix nitrogen and contribute to the nitrogen requirements of subseq...

Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is one of the most important annual forage legumes in the World due to its multiple uses (i.e., hay, grain, silage and green manure) and high nutritional value. However, detrimental cyanoalanine toxins in its plant parts including seeds and its vulnerability to hard winter conditions are currently reducing the agronomic values of vetch varieties. Moreover, the existence ...

BACKGROUND Natural foods contain not only nutrients, but also nonnutritious and potentially harmful chemicals. Thus, animals need to evaluate food content in order to make adequate feeding decisions. RESULTS Here, we investigate the effects of acids on the taste neuron responses and on taste behavior of desirable, nutritious sugars and sugar/bitter compound mixtures in Drosophila melanogaster...

Molecular data suggest that receptors for all bitter ligands are coexpressed in the same taste receptor cells (TRCs) while physiological results indicate that individual TRCs respond only to a subset of bitter stimuli. It is also unclear to what extent bitter-responsive neurons are stimulated by non-bitter stimuli. To explore these issues, single neuron responses were recorded from the rat nucl...

effect of different planting ratios of oat (avena sativa l.) and vetch (vicia sativa l.) was assessed on quality and quantity of forage and silage in an intercropping system as completely randomized block design (rcbd) with four replications. the treatments were different planting ratios of oat and vetch including 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0 (oat-vetch) formed as replacem...