We consider a transaction processing system with multiple servers (e.g. computer systems) in which transactions may fail at the diierent servers independently (due to the heterogeneity), and only a subset of the total transactions are aaected. Due to this nature, a system is faulty for some transaction classes and good for others. Because failed transactions have a lower processing time, algori...

We employ the method of comparison equations to study the propagation of a massless minimally coupled scalar field on the Schwarzschild background. In particular, we show that this method allows us to obtain explicit approximate expressions for the radial modes with energy below the peak of the effective potential which are fairly accurate over the whole region outside the horizon. This case ca...

The present paper is concerned with the description of black holes and calculation of their entropy in the framework of loop quantum gravity (see [1, 2] for some general introduction to loop quantum gravity). The literature on this subject is large and includes (but is by no means limited to) the pioneering work [3], the introduction of a precise formalism [4, 5], the reformulation and approxim...

In the present paper we consider, using our earlier results, the process of quantum gravitational collapse and argue that there exists the final quantum state when the collapse stops. This state, which can be called the “no-memory state”, reminds the final “no-hair state” of the classical gravitational collapse. Translating the “no-memory state” into classical language we construct the classica...

wireless ad hoc networks are composed of independent nodes managing the network without any infrastructure. the connection between nodes is provided by sending packages and by trusting to each other. therefore, using efficient and certain protocols is the essential requirement of these networks. due to special characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks such as lack of a fixed infrastructure, t...

When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, any thermal equilibrium state has no energy flow, and therefore the black hole evaporation is a nonequilibrium process. To study details of evaporation process, nonequilibrium effects of the net ene...

Transmission congestion is the major challenge in the operation of competitive power market. Sufficient transmission corridor is necessary for realization of power transaction. This paper proposes an efficient approach for transmission congestion management using the Black Hole Algorithm (BHA). Congestion is relieved by rescheduling of real power from the market clearing schedule. BHA is a rece...

We analyze the Second Law of black hole mechanics and the generalization of the holographic bound for general theories of gravity. We argue that both the possibility of defining a holographic bound and the existence of a Second Law seem to imply each other via the existence of a certain “c-function” (i.e. a never-decreasing function along outgoing null geodesic flow). We are able to define such...