Recent attention has been given to the potential roles that metabolites could play in safety evaluations of new drugs. In 2002, a proposal was published on "metabolites in safety testing" ("MIST"), which suggested some guidelines regarding when it is necessary to provide greater assessment of the safety of metabolites. However, this proposal was based on relative abundance values, i.e., the per...

Prokaryotes vary their protein repertoire mainly through horizontal transfer and gene loss. To elucidate the links between these processes and the cross-species gene-family statistics, we perform a large-scale data analysis of the cross-species variability of gene-family abundance (the number of members of the family found on a given genome). We find that abundance fluctuations are related to t...

Constraints on lake communities are complex and are usually studied by using limited combinations of variables derived from measurements within or adjacent to study waters. While informative, results often provide limited insight about magnitude of simultaneous influences operating at multiple scales, such as lake- vs. watershed-scale. To formulate comparisons of such contrasting influences, we...

Araştırma alanı, Amasya ilinin Merkez ilçesi sınırları içinde bulunan Direkli, Yassıçal ve Abacı köyleri arasında kalan alanı kapsamaktadır. Grid sistemine göre A5 A6 kareleri içerisindedir. alanı; coğrafik olarak İç Anadolu Orta Karadeniz; bitki coğrafyası bakımından ise Avrupa-Sibirya ile İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgeleri bir geçiş sahasında bulunmaktadır. Braun-Blanquet metodu yapılan vejeta...

the effect of soil and phanerogam characteristics on bryophytes composition, richness, abundance and functional groups were investigated in order to understand the factors responsible for bryophytes distribution patterns. three different sand dunes were selected: untouched, artificial sod-covered and planted by ammophila. along 10 transects perpendicular to the shore, a total of 142 permanent r...

1. Metabolic constraints are the usual explanation for the relationship between body size and species abundance in natural assemblages of animals. In some assemblages, abundance scales with body weight to the -075 power. Metabolic rate scales as weight raised to the (plus) 0-75 power, therefore, on average equal amounts of energy are available to each species in a community. This equality has b...

the objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, seasonal dynamics and abundance of ticks infesting cattle in isfahan zone, iran. the study was conducted in three traditional cattle farms. no acaricides had been applied to cattle at the selected farms. adult ticks were collected twice per month from different parts of the cattle's body. environmental data, including relative h...

The increase in mosquito populations following extreme weather events poses a major threat to humans because of mosquitoes’ ability to carry disease-causing pathogens, particularly in low-lying, poorly drained coastal plains vulnerable to tropical cyclones. In areas with reservoirs of disease, mosquito abundance information can help to identify the areas at higher risk of disease transmission. ...