DSM-5 has moved autism from the level of subgroups ("apples and oranges") to the prototypical level ("fruit"). But making progress in research, and ultimately improving clinical practice, will require identifying subgroups within the autism spectrum.

In reply to Krueger, we address the issues of lowercase versus uppercase letter strings, words versus pseudowords, repeated letters in the test string, descriptions of orthographic structure, similarity effects, apples and oranges, and interactions of age with other variables.

Detached leaves of Valencia oranges, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, emanated ethylene at markedly higher rates and contained more endogenous ethylene when placed under water stress at 55% relative humidity than when placed in water-saturated air. Water stress induced defoliation from detached branches. Relieving the water stress of such leaves by transfer to a mist chamber resulted in lowering of the ...

quality and flesh colour characteristics of blood oranges following harvest is related to and dependent upon temperature and storage conditions. to investigate the effects of different temperatures (8, 15 and 22ºc) and different storage period (0, 25, 50 and 75 days) on total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ph, ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin level, a...

Non-uniform heating of fresh fruit caused by variations in radio frequency (RF) fields is a major obstacle in developing postharvest insect control treatments based on RF energy. A fruit mover was developed to evaluate possibilities to improve RF heating uniformity of large fruit, such as oranges and apples, in a 12 kW batch type RF system. This fruit mover provided a means to rotate and move f...

Direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was developed. Varying the concentrations of monoclonal anti-2,4-D-antibody and the conjugate of soybean peroxidase and 2,4-D the conditions of ELISA performance were optimised. The chemiluminescent method based on peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of luminol was applied to measure the enzyme ac...