This paper provides a new estimator to address the zero-valued market shares in BLP random-coefficient logit demand estimation.

———————————————————————————————Abstract In sciences and industries such as signal optimization, traffic assignment, economic market and etc, many problems have been modeled by bilevel programming (BLP) problems, where in each level one must optimize some objective functions. There are so many algorithms in order to find the global optimum of the linear version of BLP problems. This paper addres...

BACKGROUND Site-1 protease (S1P) is the key enzyme required for activation of the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) that govern lipid synthesis. While S1P has been speculated to influence plasma apoB-containing lipoprotein (Blp) metabolism, there has been little investigative work. LDL receptor (LDLR) is the major receptor for clearing plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). Proprotei...

UNLABELLED All fully sequenced strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae possess a version of the blp locus, which is responsible for bacteriocin production and immunity. Activation of the blp locus is stimulated by accumulation of the peptide pheromone, BlpC, following its secretion by the ABC transporter, BlpA. The blp locus is characterized by significant diversity in blpC type and in the region o...

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major threat to the global poultry industry. Despite availability of commercial vaccines, IB epidemic has not been effectively controlled. The exploration novel IBV vaccines may provide new way prevent and control IB. In this study, BLP-S1, bacterium-like particle displaying S1 subunit infectious virus (IBV), was constructed using GEM-PA surface display system. i...

Resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI) studies have shown that slow (<0.1Hz), intrinsic fluctuations of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal are temporally correlated within hierarchically organized functional systems known as resting state networks (RSNs) (Doucet et al., 2011). Most broadly, this hierarchy exhibits a dichotomy between two opposed systems (Fox et al., 2005). One system...

Throughout the past years we stepwise modified our immunosuppressive treatment regimen for patients with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Here, we describe three consecutive groups treated with different regimens. From 2005 until 2008, we treated all patients with biopsy-proven ABMR with rituximab (500 mg), low-dose (30 g) intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and plasmapheresis (PPH, 6x) (gro...

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a pathogen that causes bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) disease in soybeans grown in Korea and the southern United States. Typical and early symptoms of the disease are small, yellow to brown lesions with raised pustules that develop into large necrotic lesions leading to a substantial loss in yield due to premature defoliation. After Xag infects PI 9618...

The present study utilized beef-lungs to develop a protein ingredient for affordable human food supplements. Beef-lungs were dried in an air drier at 50, 70 and 100 °C ground powder-based intermediate product. All beef-lung powder (BLP) samples different temperatures showed 300% water-binding capacity. Drying temperature significantly decreased the haem-iron content quality with highest observe...

OBJECTIVES Incomplete adaptation of stainless steel crown margins leads to microleakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth preparation on microleakage of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) placed on mesiodistally reduced primary mandibular first molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this In vitro study, 60 primary mandibular first molars with reduced mesiodistal dimension were s...