Abstract The wood-based furniture manufacturing industries prioritize quality of production to meet higher market demands. Identifying various types edge-glued wooden panel defects are a challenge for human worker or camera. Several studies have shown that the detection with low, high, normal, overlong, short is identified but residue and bluntness highly challenging. Thus, present model identi...

(1) Shepherdson proved that a discrete unitary commutative semi-ring A satisfies IE0 (induction scheme restricted to quantifier free formulas) iff A is integral part of a real closed field; and Berarducci asked about extensions of this criterion when exponentiation is added to the language of rings. Let T range over axiom systems for ordered fields with exponentiation; for three values of T we ...

This paper develops a computational fluid dynamics capability for simulating the radiative emission from meteor shock-layer and wake to an external observer. The developed includes impact of radiation ablation on flowfield, where coupled accounts flowfield energy equations injection species meteoroid surface into flow. updated chemistry nonequilibrium models, which are compiled literature. To p...

Taxonomic studies of parasites can be severely compromised if the host species affects parasite morphology; an uncritical analysis might recognize multiple taxa simply because of phenotypically plastic responses of parasite morphology to host physiology. Pentastomids of the genus Raillietiella are endoparasitic crustaceans primarily infecting the respiratory system of carnivorous reptiles, but ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate radiographically the effects of age and external irritating stimuli on the morphology and thickness of the pulp chamber ceiling and floor in mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 234 panoramic radiographs were recruited and 494 mandibular molars were examined in this study. The sample was divided into six age groups: Group 1, <20 ...

Mesozoic marine reptiles and modern marine mammals are often considered ecological analogs, but the extent of their similarity is largely unknown. Particularly important is the presence/absence of deep-diving suction feeders among Mesozoic marine reptiles because this would indicate the establishment of mesopelagic cephalopod and fish communities in the Mesozoic. A recent study suggested that d...

Between 1973 and 2003 mean morphological features of the cactus finch, Geospiza scandens, and the medium ground finch, G. fortis, populations on the Galápagos island of Daphne Major were subject to fluctuating directional selection. An increase in bluntness or robustness in the beak of G. scandens after 1990 can only partly be explained by selection. We use 16 microsatellite loci to test predic...

The Khushab anticline is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt in the Lurestan. This anticline is affected by the Balarud fault zone, which is a part of Mountain Front Fault between the Lurestan and Dezful Embayment zones. Based on the measurement of the elements of fold style, this anticline is analyzed. According to these measurements, this anticline is a noncylindrical, asymmetrical and dis...