Abstract Background Insecticidal proteins from the Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) marks genetically modified cotton crop that was commercialized in India March 2002 for control of lepidopteron bollworms. Despite organized initial control, pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), adapted itself to cry toxins resulted field failures 2016 and 2017. The present study designed unders...

Abstract Background The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) cotton against target arthropod larvae is decreasing day by day. comparative effect expression among varieties and different plant parts was observed the bollworms: Helicoverpa armigera Pectinophora gossypiella larvae. Results In present study, larval mortality H. higher than P. selected cultivars. Median lethal concentratio...

The effectiveness of commercial Bt-cotton in pest management, influence on arthropod diversity, natural enemies, and toxin flow in the insect fauna under field conditions were studied keeping in view the need to assess bioefficacy and biosafety of Bt-transgenic cotton. There were no significant differences in oviposition by Helicoverpa armigera on Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic cottons (9.2 v...

Abstract A better understanding of gendered perception on the prevalence and management pests in irrigated agriculture context a changing climate can help recommend more gender-sensitive policies, particularly smallholder farming systems. Limited studies have been conducted to assess gender differences among irrigation schemes especially Zimbabwe. This study is first one perceptions change Exch...