Borehole radar can be used in a single-hole reflection mode or in a cross-hole tomography mode. In the reflection mode, radar provides an image of discontinuities in the bedrock surrounding a borehole, including bedding planes, lithologic contacts, fractures, and cavities. The measurements are either directional or omnidirectional, depending upon the type of equipment and antennas. In the tomog...

The predicted thermal flash from supernova (SN) shock breakout might have been detected for the first time by Swift in GRB 060218/SN 2006aj. The detected thermal X-ray emission in this event implies emergence of a trans-relativistic (TR) SN shock with kinetic energy of Ek & 10 erg. During TRSN shock breakout, the thermal photons could be “accelerated” by the shock through repeated bulk Compton ...

We summarize the discussions of the breakout session on Problem Sharing, held during the Dagstuhl workshop on Semantic Integration and Interoperability. The breakout session brought together people from different communities (databases, AI planning, formal logic, knowledge representation) to share exciting and challenging problems in each community in a common language.

Near a borehole, stress concentration effects may cause a complex spatial variation of elastic anisotropy. Stress-induced sonic anisotropy results when moduli and velocities are stress dependent and the state of stress is nonhydrostatic. For such cases, the appropriate material model is that of an elastic orthorhombic medium with material axes aligned with the principal axes of stress. We simul...

Recently, a soft black-body component was observed in the early X-ray afterglow of GRB 060218, which was interpreted as shock breakout from the thick wind of the progenitor Wolf-Rayet (WR) star of the underlying Type Ic SN 2006aj. In this paper we present a simple model for computing the characteristic quantities (including energy, temperature, and time-duration) for the transient event from th...

First, Glaser and Kemp ignore the potential for breakout using a covert facility which would yield weapon grade uranium from a stock of low enriched uranium (LEU) significantly faster than their estimates, based on enrichment activity at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant. Though the paper’s summary and conclusion imply that the possibility of undeclared facilities or feedstock have been incorpor...

[1] Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1301A was drilled, cased, and instrumented with a long‐term, subseafloor observatory (CORK) on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in summer 2004. This borehole is located 1 km south of ODP Hole 1026B and 5 km north of Baby Bare outcrop. Hole 1301A penetrates 262 m of sediment and 108 m of the uppermost 3.5 Ma basaltic basement in an are...

Barometric pressure changes can induce airflow in an open borehole or well screened in the vadose zone, thereby ventilating the soil surrounding the borehole. This paper presents an analytic model of the induced airflow and compares the predictions of the model with experimental measurements. This model may be useful for the design of passive soil vapor extraction as applied to the remediation ...

Advances in virtual globes and Keyhole Markup Language (KML) are providing the Earth scientists with the universal platforms to manage, visualize, integrate and disseminate geospatial information. In order to use KML to represent and disseminate subsurface geological information on virtual globes, we present an automatic method for modeling and visualizing a large volume of borehole information...

A suite of surface and basal measurements during and after borehole drilling is used to perform in situ investigation of the local basal drainage system and pressure forcing in western Greenland. Drill and borehole water temperature were monitored during borehole drilling, which was performed with dyed hot water. After drilling, borehole water pressure and basal dye concentration were measured ...