Language evolution is traditionally described in terms of family trees with ancestral languages splitting into descendent languages. However, it has long been recognized that language evolution also entails horizontal components, most commonly through lexical borrowing. For example, the English language was heavily influenced by Old Norse and Old French; eight per cent of its basic vocabulary i...

Abstract Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of obligation or material interest, which encourages party to trade enter into an taking on associated burdens. In countries continental (mainland) Europe belong Romano-Germanic law system, such as Germany, France, and Italy, goal (objective) parties trade, causa, legally significant. theory Civil there general principle – any ar...

in iranian law, the claims of medical civil responsibility (medical negligence) can be resolved on the basis of traditional rules of civil responsibility (tort), and there is no special law in this regard. through the legal systems of the would (specially french law) medical civil responsibility system has been changed a lot. these changes have been for the compensation of the victims of medica...

Background: The coexistence of human beings requires the observance of moral etiquette, which is called civil ethics in ethics and leads to normative order. In order for civil ethics to have an executive guarantee, a set of laws was formed in the society under the title of civil procedure. One of the lawsuits in this regard is the harassment lawsuit. There are complex issues in the harassment l...