participatory conservation, as bottom-up management, is currently the most acceptable modelfor management of protected areas across the world. social context is a central issue in the sustainablemanagement of conservation areas. it is also crucial to introducing participatory conservation. the newapproach therefore recognizes rural communities as key partners in biodiversity management and seek...

use of nano-materials has increased in various aspects of human life. however, possible outbreak of nano-materials toxicity in humans and other organisms is one of the future challenges. different chemical precursors which are used in chemical approaches for production of nano-materials may have secondary and sometimes toxic effects in living organisms. these secondary effects may be reduced in...