BACKGROUND One in four children in England is overweight/obese upon starting school. HENRY (Health Exercise Nutrition for the Really Young) offers a novel, preventive approach to this problem by training practitioners to work more effectively with the parents of preschool children around obesity and lifestyle issues. The programme is being delivered to all Sure Start Children's Centres (the UK ...

In facultative polygynous birds with biparental care, a trade-off may occur between male parental care and attraction of additional mates. If there is a cost associated with reduced male parental care, the relative benefit of mate attraction may be predicted to decrease as the size of a male's clutch or brood increases. We tested this prediction in monogamous pairs of facultatively polygynous E...

In this paper we introduce the concept of kth order nonho momorphicity of mappings or S boxes as an alternative indicator that forecasts nonlinearity characteristics of an S box where k is even Main results of this paper include we show that nonhomomorphicity especially the th order nonhomomorphicity can be precisely expressed by using other important nonlinear indicators of an S box we estab l...

We explore the effects of size of the box that we use for simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift two. We examine six simulations from the hydrodynamic code ENZO using the same cosmological and astrophysical input parameters and cell size, but different box size. We study the CDM distribution and many statistics of the Lyα forest absorption from the IGM. Larger boxes have fewe...

We address the question of finite-size scaling in percolation by studying bond percolation in a finite box of side length n, both in two and in higher dimensions. In dimension d = 2, we obtain a complete characterization of finite-size scaling. In dimensions d > 2, we establish the same results under a set of hypotheses related to so-called scaling and hyperscaling postulates which are widely b...

We study the behavior of the two-dimensional Ising model in a finite box at temperatures that are below, but very close to, the critical temperature. In a regime where the temperature approaches the critical point and, simultaneously, the size of the box grows fast enough, we establish a large deviation principle that proves the appearance of a round Wulff crystal.

We calculate finite-size effects of the Gaussian model in a Lx(d-1) box geometry with free boundary conditions in one direction and periodic boundary conditions in d-1 directions for 2 infinity ). Finite-size scaling is found to be valid for d<3 and d>3 but logarithmic deviations from finite-size scaling are found for the free energy and energy density ...

Most of the existing box-counting methods for measuring fractal features are only applicable to square images or images with each dimension equal to the power of 2 and require that the box at the top of the box stack of each image block is of the same height as that of other boxes in the same stack, which gives rise to inaccurate estimation of fractal dimension. In this paper, we propose a more...

We prove complexity lower bounds for the tasks of hardness amplification of one-way functions and construction of pseudo-random generators from one-way functions, which are realized non-adaptively in black-box ways. First, we consider the task of converting a one-way function f : {0, 1} → {0, 1} into a harder one-way function f̄ : {0, 1} → {0, 1}, with n̄, m̄ ≤ poly(n), in a black-box way. The har...