The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to treating several brain disorders. Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with intravascular microbubbles increases BBB permeability by opening tight junctions, creating endothelial cell openings, improving endocytosis and increasing transcytosis. Here we investigated whether combining FUS transferrin receptor-targeting liposomes would result...

Nicotine, the major component of tobacco smoke (TS) and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vape, has been reported in some cases to be prodromal cerebrovascular toxicity as well a promoting factor for onset various neurological diseases. In conditions, pre-exposure nicotine can lead state compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, including altered BBB-related protein expression, BBB leakage, d...

The blood-brain barrier remains a main hurdle to drug delivery to the brain. The prognosis of glioblastoma remains grim despite current multimodal medical management. We review neurosurgical technologies that disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We will review superselective intra-arterial mannitol infusion, focused ultrasound, laser interstitial thermotherapy, and non-thermal irreversible el...

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is often complicated by brain edema, disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and uncontrolled release of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). Conivaptan, a V1a and V2 receptor antagonist, reduces brain edema and minimizes damage to the blood-brain barrier after stroke. Most stroke patients do not receive treatment immediately after the onset of brain ischemia. Delays in thera...

Multi-drug resistant efflux transporters found in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a functional barrier, by pumping out most of the drugs into the blood. Previous studies showed focused ultrasound (FUS) induced microbubble oscillation can disrupt the BBB by loosening the tight junctions in the brain endothelial cells; however, no study was performed to investigate its impact on the functional ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis and limits the entry of toxins and pathogens into the brain. Despite its importance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and function of this crucial barrier. In this study we have developed methods to highly purify and gene profile endothelial cells from different tissues, and by comparing the trans...

Objective: Measurement of blood-brain permeability dysfunction in active and chronic MS lesions with T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to show variation in inflammatory activity Background: blood-brain-barrier perfusion characterization impaired in MS as some studies have shown recently buta comparison between perfusion parameters in contrast-enhanced and non-enhanced lesions not have ...

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that shields the brain against toxins and immune cells. While BBB dysfunction exists in neurological disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD), it is not known if BMECs themselves are functionally compromised to promote BBB dysfunction. Further, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunc...