Stimulation of peripheral cranial nerves has been shown to exert anticonvulsant effects in animal models as well as in human patients. Specifically, stimulation of both the trigeminal and vagus nerves has been shown in multiple clinical trials to be anticonvulsant, and stimulation of these nerves at therapeutic levels does not cause pain or negatively affect brain function. However, the neurona...

As demonstrated by their common embryological origin, the retinas and anterior visual pathways (optic nerves, optic chiasm, and optic tracts) are an integral part of the brain, providing a substantial proportion of total sensory input. They frequently give important diagnostic clues to central nervous system disorders. Intracranial disease frequently causes visual disturbances because of destru...

Electron micrographs of insect antennal nerves reveal that 98 % of the nerve fibres are below 0-5 /* in diameter and are packed in bundles of naked axons without individual glia sheaths (average fibre calibre: 0-3 /t in Bombyx, 0-12 (i in Rhodnius). Re-examination of earlier light-microscopic fibre countings, which led to the hypothesis of axon fusion in insect sensory nerves, is now necessary....

Abstract Brain cancers carry a bleak prognosis despite the increase in our understanding of disease. tumours are some ways distinct entity comparison to other types due type cell population brain tumour microenvironment. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have been shown exert context-dependent effect on tumourigenesis. In 2021, I proposed neuronal signalling as hallmark cancer, al...

A young boy touches a hot oven plate. Heat sensors in his palm realise that the temperature exceeds a minimum safety threshold and activate sensory nerves in the hand. Within milliseconds, the information is passed on through the arm and the spinal cord to the brain. The brain interprets the incoming information as pain, registers that the hand is in danger of being burned and orders it to retr...

We investigated the relationship between body size, brain size, and fibers in selected cranial nerves in shrews and moles. Species include tiny masked shrews (S. cinereus) weighing only a few grams and much larger mole species weighing up to 90 grams. It also includes closely related species with very different sensory specializations - such as the star-nosed mole and the common, eastern mole. ...

INTRODUCTION Systemic malignant diseases cause the induction of autoimmunity, for example, paraneoplastic syndromes. There are no proofs of paraneoplastic syndromes in primary brain tumors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the involvement of the peripheral nervous system, together with an assessment of onconeuronal and antineural antibodies as indicators of humoral immune response against n...

An animal’s nervous system consists of two major parts the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The somatic nerves* and autonomic nerves make up the peripheral nervous system. One function of the nervous system is to organize the physical movement of the body. Another function is to respond to the actions of all the ...