Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a neurological disorder with varying severity that is postulated to be associated with cerebral oedema. We described a case of DDS resulting in irreversible brain injury and death following acute haemodialysis. A 13-year-old male with no past medical history and weighing 30kg, presented to hospital with severe urosepsis complicated by acute kidney injur...

Key words: haemodialysis; hypotension; ishcaemic optic neuropathy with oedema of the papillo-macular area. Both central retinal arteries were patent. No optic neuropathy; visual loss neurological deficit was detected. Brain computed tomography was normal and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed lesions compatible with

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether water intoxication affects the radiodensity of brain tissue in CT scan examination in the rat model of brain oedema. METHODS A standard CT scan of the brain was obtained in a group of rats, first at control conditions (controls - CG) and then after hyperhydration (oedema model-EG) in the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the ar...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key regulator of inflammation and ischaemic brain injury, but the contribution of central and peripheral sources of IL-1 to brain injury is not well understood. Here we show that haematopoietic-derived IL-1 is a key driver of ischaemic brain injury. Wild type (WT) mice transplanted with IL-1αβ-deficient bone marrow displayed a significant (40%) reduction in brain injur...

Both electro-encephalography and brain biopsy were examined as possible aids in the confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of heartwater in field cases. Results showed that electro-encephalographic changes associated with heartwater were non-specific and probably caused by the associated brain oedema. Brain biopsy on the other hand appears to be a reliable technique for the confirmation of heartw...

Specimens of normal human brain, contused brain, brain with bacterial meningitis, and brain tumours were immunolabelled for aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and Kir4.1. In normal brain tissue, AQP4 and Kir4.1 were detected around the microvessels. In pathological brain tissue, AQP4 was upregulated in astrocytes in oedematous regions and Kir4.1 was upregulated in astrocytes in damaged brain. Changes in alpha ...

I read with interest the recent paper by Ma and Olsson [1] concerning the proposed role of oedema in the formation of lacunes in Binswanger’s encephalopathy. From my own neuropathological observations I agree that the lesion they refer to as ‘oedema-associated gliosis’ is a common finding in the ageing brain, which is often associated with classical type 1 [2] lacunes and with diffuse white mat...

BACKGROUND Dexamethasone (DEXA) is commonly used to reduce brain swelling during neurosurgical procedures. DEXA, however, has many side-effects that can increase the risks of post-operative complications. In contrast, progesterone (PRO) has fewer side-effects and has been found to be neuroprotective on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether PRO may be used as an alternative to DEXA during routin...

Methods 29 chemonaive patients with breast cancer (early stage and metastatic), underwent serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (for LV volumes/ejection fraction, myocardial oedema and necrosis), advanced echocardiography (for LV strain in addition to standard measurements of LV diastolic function), pro brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and high-sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT, Roch...