During the last 5 to 10 years, the microdialysis technique has been used to explore neurotransmitter release during exercise. Microdialysis can collect virtually any substance from the brains of freely moving animals with a limited amount of tissue trauma. It allows the measurement of local neurotransmitter release in combination with ongoing behavioural changes such as exercise. Several groups...

After more than 60 years of development, the operation speed of computer is up to several hundred thousand billion (10 ) times, but its intelligence level is extremely low. Studying machine which combines high performance and the people’s high intelligence together becomes the effective way with high capacity and efficiency of exploring information processing. It will bring the important impetu...

The McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT is a research and teaching institute committed to advancing human understanding and communications. The goal of the McGovern Institute is to investigate and ultimately understand the biological basis of higher brain function in humans. The institute is conducting interdisciplinary research that combines and extends the results of recent breakthro...

pineal bodies usually contain a concretion called brain sand. concretion is mostly composed of phosphate and calcium carbonate. the concretion increases with age, however the origin and mechanism of formation of these materials are not clearly understood. calcified bodies are usually used as a guide in radiographic studies. due to the importance of these materials, this research was done on bra...