when intracranial pressure (icp) was uncontrollable among patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (stbi) and especially if it raises above 40 mmhg 100% morality was reported. eighty four percent of head injured patients would die if their initial icp is greater than 25 mm hg. decreasing icp through decompressive craniectomy (dc) theoretically may revert increased icp to normal and decreas...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the most common neurological diseases with no definite treatment. erythropoietin (epo) and progesterone (prog) have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in different types of experimental brain injury models. this study was designed to determine the effect of epo, prog and combination of epo/prog on neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury. ...

background & aim: using pharmaceutical agents in treatment of aphasia has caught the attention of many neurologists and neuroscientists. this short review study has sought the role of pharmacotherapy in treatment of aphasia, a linguistic impairment after acquired brain lesions. the pharmacological principles and mechanisms related to the effects of drugs used in aphasia rehabilitation are point...

seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ros generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have been proposed to have a crucial role. we aim to determine the sources of seizure-induced ros and ...

introduction: there are several different molecular pathways in tissue damage by ischemic brain injury. the use of antioxidants and free radical scavengers are a matter of attention by some researchers. crocus sativus (saffron) is used previously for protective effects in ischemia state by some researchers. to assess pathologic aspects of neuroprotection of saffron in some susceptible brain are...

Cathepsin B is one of the major lysosomal cysteine proteases involved in neuronal protein catabolism. This cathepsin is released after traumatic injury and increases neuronal death; however, release of cystatin C, a cathepsin inhibitor, appears to be a self-protective brain response. Here we describe the effect of cystatin C intracerebroventricular administration in rats prior to inducing a tra...

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), subcortical white matter damage may induce a functional disconnection leading to a dissociation of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) between the cerebral cortex and deeper brain regions. Therefore, thalamic and brain stem CMRglc may have a closer correlation than does the cerebral cortex with depth of coma after TBI. Methods: Eleven adult h...

background: in previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. this study used ici 182,780, a non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the estrogen receptors. methods: the ovariectomized rats were divided in...

It is a prospective study of 50 fatal head injury cases whose medico legal autopsy was done in the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Chennai from December 2007 to June 2008. There were total 50 cases of needed admission either in Intensive Care Unit or neurosurgery. In the present study, male victims (47 cases, 96%) outnumbered female victim...