Charge-independence breaking due to the pion-mass difference in the (chiral) two-pion-exchange nucleon-nucleon force is investigated. A general argument based on symmetries is presented that relates the charge-symmetric part of that force to the proton-proton case. The static potential linear in that mass difference is worked out as an explicit example by means of Feynman diagrams, and this con...

We report on the possibility of unidirectional motion of a topological soliton in a dissipative AC-driven sine-Gordon equation. This motion is due to breaking of certain space-time symmetries. It can be achieved by the proper choice of the potential or the AC force. We formulate the necessary symmetry conditions for the AC force and confirm them with the first order perturbation theory and nume...

The annular foam breaker is one which uses the vacuum and shear force generated by the Coanda effect to break foam. Its effectiveness in destroying drilling foam has been test in wellbore flow simulation loop experimental stand. Experimental results showed that the operating pressure of the annular foam breaker should be larger than 0.6MPa and the stabilizers concentration of the foam drilling ...

Three different drying methods, microwave spouted bed drying (MSBD), microwave-vacuum drying (MVD), and hot air drying (AD), were used to dry diced sweet potato. The drying characteristics and product quality are discussed in terms of the drying kinetics, rehydration ratio, expansion ratio, breaking force (crispness), product colour, and retention of β-Carotene. As expected the drying rates in ...

The passive mechanical response of skeletal muscles at fast time scales is dominated by long range interactions inducing cooperative behavior without breaking the detailed balance. This leads to such unusual "material properties" as negative equilibrium stiffness and different behavior in force and displacement controlled loading conditions. Our fitting of experimental data suggests that "muscl...

Rupture, bond breaking, or extraction from a deep and narrow potential well requires considerable force while producing minimal displacement. In thermally fluctuating systems, there is not a single force required to achieve rupture, but a spectrum, as thermal forces can both augment and inhibit the bond breaking. We demonstrate measurement and interpretation of the distribution of rupture force...

Coulomb and CSB effects in the three-nucleon system within the dressed bag model for 2N and 3N forces. Abstract. Coulomb and charge-symmetry breaking effects in the 3 He ground state within the dressed dibaryon model developed recently for 2N and 3N forces are examined in detail. Particular attention has been paid to the Coulomb displacement energy ∆E C = E B (3 H) − E B (3 He) and rms charge r...

We show that directed ratchet transport of a driven overdamped Brownian particle subjected to a spatially periodic and symmetric potential can be reliably controlled by tailoring a biharmonic temporal force, in coherence with the degree-of-symmetry-breaking mechanism. We demonstrate that the effect of finite temperature on the purely deterministic ratchet scenario can be understood as an effect...

We examine the embedding of dark energy in high energy models based upon supergravity and extend the usual phenomenological setting comprising an observable sector and a hidden supersymmetry breaking sector by including a third sector leading to the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. We find that gravitational constraints on the non-existence of a fifth force naturally imply that th...

When a femtosecond laser pulse (fsLP) is focused through an objective lens into a culture medium, an impulsive force (fsLP-IF) is generated that propagates from the laser focal point (O(f)) in a micron-sized space. This force can detach individual adherent cells without causing considerable cell damage. In this study, an fsLP-IF was reflected in the vibratory movement of an atomic force microsc...