Introduction The Advanced Photon Source (APS), as well as other third-generation synchrotron light sources, uses permanent magnets in the insertion devices to produce x-rays for scientific research [1,2]. When placed in a high-energy storage ring, these permanent magnets are subjected to irradiation from synchrotron radiation, high-energy bremsstrahlung, and bremsstrahlung-produced photoneutron...

The spectral properties of a hybrid steady thermal-nonthermal isotropic plasma are studied. The involved emission mechanisms are thermal bremsstrahlung, nonthermal bremsstrahlung, cyclotron and nonthermal synchrotron. Formulas are derived to calculate the emissivities and absorption coefficients of all these processes. Calculations show that the nonthermal synchrotron and the thermal bremsstrah...

Visible and near-infrared electron–ion bremsstrahlung measurements in fusion research devices, used to determine the effective ionic charge (Zeff), are often plagued by pollutant emission from the cool-edge region. The primary sources of visible and near-infrared non-bremsstrahlung continuum emission in the Madison Symmetric Torus arise from electron–neutral interactions, and the pollutant emis...

Copious x-ray production is shown to attend the collisions of suprathermal (?MeV) protons with ambient electrons,via a process of inverse bremsstrahlung. Such suprathermal protons have been detected in cosmic rays and in solar f lare events; the inverse bremsstrahlung of such cosmic ray protons is expected to make a significant contribution to the diffuse sky background of x-rays and supratherm...

Background: The standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is represented by concomitant chemo-radiotherapy followed consolidation with durvalumab that ensures a 5-year survival of 46%. However, the risk radiotherapy-induced pneumonia (RIP) almost 10–15%. Complete cardiological examination also usually performed during cardiopulmonary pre-treatment evaluation ...

Aim: Assess the role of hybrid modality SPECT/CT versus planar scintigraphy in sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification patients with breast cancer. Methods: Planar and were performed 23 women cancer (mean age 59.5 years range 25 - 82 years) invasive (T0, T1 T2), without clinical evidence axillary metastases (N0) no remote (M0), radiocolloid was injected four subareolar sites. images separately...