The potential for directional optical and thermal imagery is very large. Field measurements have been performed with a goniometer on which thermal instruments were attached. In order to reduce dynamical effects the goniometer was adjusted to run in automated mode, for zenith and azimuthal direction. Directional measurements were performed over various crops with increasing heterogeneity. The im...

Fire detection from satellite sensors relies on an accurate estimation of the unperturbed state of a target pixel, from which an anomaly can be isolated. Methods for estimating the radiation budget of a pixel without fire depend upon training data derived from the location’s recent history of brightness temperature variation over the diurnal cycle, which can be vulnerable to cloud contamination...

The CREST-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE) was carried out during January–March 2011 at the research site of the National Weather Service office, Caribou, ME, USA. In this experiment dual-polarized microwave (37 and 89 GHz) observations were accompanied by detailed synchronous observations of meteorology and snowpack physical properties. The objective of this long-term field expe...

The effect of the operating conditions (temperature, time, pH, enzyme level and pulp consistency) used in the enzymatic step of a XP (Cartazyme-hydrogen peroxide) sequence for bleaching Kraft pulp from bagasse on various properties of the resulting pulp and paper sheet products was studied. The quality of bagasse used, was examined by its yield, brightness,viscosity and the Kappa number. Finall...

[1] Using a single-frequency ground-based microwave radiometer with steerable horn antenna at frequency 19.5 GHz, we measure sky radiometric temperature over the Taiwan area during the period May 1997 to September 1999. Statistics indicate that for more than 80% of the time, in the absence of surface precipitation, the brightness temperature is above 27 K. Different elevation angle observations...

Clear-sky brightness temperature measurements from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) are simulated with two climate models via a radiative transfer code. The models are sampled along the HIRS orbit paths to derive diurnal climatologies of simulated brightness temperature analogous to an existing climatology based on HIRS observations. Simulated and observed climatologies are...

The thermal radiation distribution within and above the canopy is explored. CUPID model is chosen to simulate the canopy component temperatures. TRGM model, based on 3D realistic structure and radiosity solution, is used to simulate the component brightness temperature distribution within canopy and thermal radiation emission directionality distribution TB (θ) above canopy. It is noted that the...