Singapore's life expectancy at birth and at age 65 continues to improve. Although this is a positive development, it is necessary to understand how much of this increased life expectancy is spent with and without mobility limitations. This research uses the latest round of the National Survey of Senior Citizens to examine the situation in 2011 and the possible changes that may have occurred sin...

When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

the relationship between added value of economic activities and the governments budget along with the impact of this budget on the employment of economic activities are among the issues that economic decision-makers and analysts assume to be crucial. classification of statistical data has not yet allowed experts and decision-makers to evaluate the governments role in production and employment i...

This paper presents an evolutionary algorithm for recognizing high and low crash road segments using Genetic Algorithm as a dynamic segmentation method. Social and economic costs as well as physical and mental injuries make the governments perceiving to road safety indexes in order to diminish the consequences of road accidents. Due to the limitation of budget for safety...

Indifference-zone-selection procedures have been widely studied and applied to determine the required sample sizes for selecting a good design from k alternatives. However, efficiency is still a key concern for application of simulation to ranking and selection problems. In this paper, we present a new approach that can further enhance the efficiency of indifferencezone-selection procedures. Ou...

The Loanable funds theory Hypotheses: Individuals care only about real variables (output gains or losses, purchasing-power gains or losses). The marginal productivity of capital assets (MPK) is given and determined by the technical characteristics of the productive assets. It represents the gain, in terms of output, obtained by increasing the capacity of production by one additional capital ass...

Standard ecotoxicological tests are as simple as possible and food sources are mainly chosen for practical reasons. Since some organisms change their food preferences during the life-cycle, they might be food limited at some stage if we do not account for such a switch. As organisms tend to respond more sensitively to toxicant exposure under food limitation, the interpretation of test results m...

A large panel of German municipalities is employed in order to investigate the dynamic fiscal policy adjustment of local jurisdictions using a VEC model which explicitly takes account of the intertemporal budget constraint. The results confirm the central role of expenditure adjustment, nevertheless a substantial part of adjustment is due to changes in intergovernmental transfers, in particular...

We consider the optimal control problem of certain batch service queueing systems with compound Poisson arrivals and linear holding costs. The control problem involves the determination of the epochs at which the service is initiated as well as the sizes of the batches served. The service times are assumed to be independent and identically distributed, however, with a general distribution. A qu...

This paper derives a population sizing relationship for genetic programming (GP). Following the population-sizing derivation for genetic algorithms in Goldberg, Deb, and Clark (1992), it considers building block decision making as a key facet. The analysis yields a GP-unique relationship because it has to account for bloat and for the fact that GP solutions often use subsolutions multiple times...