Effects of live and dead (heat-killed) infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae on nematodes associated with boxwood Buxus spp. were evaluated in field experiments during 1999 and 2000. Both living and dead IJs of S. carpocapsae were equally effective, causing more than 50% reduction in total populations of plant-parasitic nematodes relative to the cont...

Trophic interactions of introduced biocontrol fungi with soil animals can bea key determinant in the fungal proliferation and activity.This study investigated trophic interaction of an introduced biocontrol fungus with soil nematodes. The biocontrol fungusTrichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. (10 per gram of soil) were added to nonsterile soil, and micr...

Bacteria serve as live food and nutrients for bacterial-feeding nematodes (BFNs) in soils, and influence nematodes behavior and physiology through their metabolism. Five bacterial taxa (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JX1, Variovorax sp. JX14, Bacillus megaterium JX15, Pseudomonas fluorescens Y1 and Escherichia coli OP50) and the typical BFN Caenorhabditis elegans were selected to study the effects ...

Inactivity in nematodes is often correlated with survival of adverse environments. The non-feeding second-stage juvenile (J2) of Heterodera glycines must survive in a soil environment that may contain numerous toxins. In this report, we show that quiescent J2 of H. glycines survived higher concentrations of both ethanol and the plant-derived compound, allyl isothiocyanate, compared with activel...

Methods are described for rearing large quantities of Ditylenchus dipsaci on alfalfa tissues. Nematodes and alfalfa seed were disinfected and nematodes were reared in quantities sufficient to provide a continuous supply of inoculum for our alfalfa-breeding program. Nematodes reproduced best in darkness at 20-25 C. Cultures reached maximum numbers in 3-6 wk.

Pratylenchus vulnus (L, L, adults) are attracted to the roots of growing bean seedlings. The attraction is inhibited by treating the nematodes with solutions of carbofuran or phenamiphos at concentrations below those necessary to inhibit motility and dispersion. Nematicide treatments of plants without treatment of nematodes are ineffectual because nematodes are attracted equally well to treated...

Nematodes are tiny but complex unsegmented roundworms that are anatomically differentiated for feeding, digestion, locomotion, and reproduction. These small animals occur worldwide in all environments. Most species are beneficial to agriculture. They make important contributions to organic matter decomposition and to the food chain. Some species, however, are parasitic to plants or animals. Pla...

Root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes are obligate, biotrophic pathogens of numerous plant species. These organisms cause dramatic changes in the morphology and physiology of their hosts. The molecular characterization of induced plant genes has provided insight into the plant processes that are usurped by nematodes as they establish their specialized feeding cells. Recently, several gene prod...

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil application of two Rhizobacteria, (MTCC and Pf-5) and urea treatments, separately and in combination on free living and plant parasitic nematodes. All the treatments significantly decreased the number of plant-parasitic nematodes with the increasing of plant growth. Both Rhizobacteria and urea were separately effective in suppressing plan...

Exposure to carbofuran and fenamiphos for 72 hours reduced the numbers of active Aphelenchus avenae in aqueous suspension by > 75%. When nematicides were removed, many A. avenae exposed to carbofuran resumed normal movement but A. avenae treated with fenamiphos did not recover. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was suppressed by > 95% in nematodes treated with carbofuran or fenamiphos. Howev...