BACKGROUND Whole plants or plant cell cultures can serve as low cost bioreactors to produce massive amounts of a specific protein for pharmacological or industrial use. To maximize protein expression, translation of mRNA must be optimized. Many plant viral RNAs harbor extremely efficient translation enhancers. However, few of these different translation elements have been compared side-by-side....

This review examines current knowledge on the prevalence of weeds and feral grass specie as possible reserves plant viruses in agroecosystems Ukraine. Studies concerning mainly virus infection wheat barley distributed agrosystems cereal crops their impact epidemiology have been summarized this paper. In addition, great attention is focused primary sources main causative agents viral diseases, n...

The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), an important pest of cereal crops, not only directly sucks sap from plants, but also transmits a number of plant viruses, collectively the yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs). For quantifying changes in gene expression in vector aphids, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a touchstone method, but the selection and val...

Purified BLRV RNA was converted to cDNA and cloned into pT7T3 19U phagemid. The nucleotide sequence of a putative bean leafroll luteovirus coat protein gene was determined from the clones pBL9, pBL29 and pBL32 by the chain termination method (1). Sequence analysis reveals a 588 bp open reading frame and an internal 426 bp ORF (Fig. 1). The large ORF is equivalent to a protein of Mr 21.98 kDa, t...