let s be a semigroup. in certain cases we give some characterizations of extreme amenability of s and we show that in these cases extreme left amenability and extreme right amenability of s are equivalent. also when s is a compact topological semigroup, we characterize extremely left amenable subalgebras of c(s), where c(s) is the space of all continuous bounded real valued functions on s

We show that the character space of the vector-valued Lipschitz algebra $Lip^{alpha}(X, E)$ of order $alpha$ is homeomorphic to the cartesian product $Xtimes M_E$ in the product topology, where $X$ is a compact metric space and $E$ is a unital commutative Banach algebra. We also characterize the form of each character on $Lip^{alpha}(X, E)$. By appealing to the injective tensor product, we the...

background : one way to optimize energy consumption is replacing incandescent lamp with compact fluorescent lamps .these lamps produce ultraviolet radiation due to the nature of light production. this study aimed to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation emitted from compact fluorescent lamps which are widely used in iran. methods : this study carries out on 16 compact fluorescent lamps (four diffe...

In last ten years many mathematicians have studied properties of BL-algebras endowed with a topology. For example A. Di Nola and L. Leustean cite{dn} studied compact representations of BL-algebras, L. C. Ciungu cite{ciu} investigated some concepts of convergence in the class of perfect BL-algebras, J. Mi Ko and Y. C. Kim cite{jun} studied relationships between closure operators and BL-algebras,...

The Hausdorff–Alexandroff Theorem states that any compact metric space is the continuous image of Cantor’s ternary set C. It is well known that there are compact Hausdorff spaces of cardinality equal to that of C that are not continuous images of Cantor’s ternary set. On the other hand, every compact countably infinite Hausdorff space is a continuous image of C. Here we present a compact counta...

Raman amplification of a 49 cm Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as a nonlinear gainmedium based erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is reported in new and compactdesign in near infrared spectral regions. The bismuth glass host provides theopportunity to be doped heavily with erbium ions to allow a compact optical gain fiberamplifier design by using reduced fiber length and the 1480...

the compact finite difference schemes have been found to give simple ways of reaching the objectives of high accuracy and low computational cost. during the past two decades, the compact schemes have been used extensively for numerical simulation of various fluid dynamics problems. these methods have also been applied for numerical solution of some prototype geophysical fluid dynamics problems ...