The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. Table 1 Cage parameters used for the SLE analysis; viscosity (Z) in the cage, mutual diffusion coefficient (D) for the radical pair in the cage, escape probability (Pesc) at the interface, radius (R) of the cage, recombination reaction rate (krec) at the closest radical–radical di...

BACKGROUND The transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate (TARP) fixation has been introduced to achieve reduction, decompression, fixation and fusion of C1-C2 through a transoral-only approach. However, it may also be associated with potential disadvantages, including dysphagia and load shielding of the bone graft. To prevent potential disadvantages related to TARP fixation, a novel transoral atla...

Impact of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cage culture in Mjoifjordur, Eastern Iceland on the chemistry of the sediment was investigated. Sediment samples were collected using a Shipek grab in December 2003. A core sub-sample was taken from each grab for analyzing total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus in different depths from three stations at various distances...

The ecosystem of the Caspian Sea have been strikingly changed by human activities. This area has undergone significant ecological alterations and serious environmental degradation since the beginning of 1990s. The impact of fish cage culture on the zooplankton community was studied in the southwestern Caspian Sea, off Jafrud during January to April 2013. A total of 12 zooplankton belonging to 9...

Displacements of the rib cage are determined by the intrinsic passive properties of the rib cage, rib cage musculature, pleural and abdominal pressures, and the diaphragm. The diaphragm's mechanical actions on the rib cage are inferred from a force-balance analysis in which the diaphragm is seen to cause expansion of the rib cage by pulling cephalad at its insertions on the lower ribs (insertio...

BACKGROUND Right thoracic curvature, rib cage deformities and aortic left shift are features of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that are correlated with each other. We recently reported that disturbance of ribcage development results in progressive thoracic scoliosis in mice. Recently, it has been confirmed that the normal spine exhibits right thoracic curvature and rib cage deformities and tha...