A basic alumina-spinel low cement castable (LCC) composed of sintered bauxite, reactive alumina, calcined alumina, calcined magnesia, microsilica, and high alumina refractory cement was prepared (castable A) to which 5% sodium hexa-meta phosphate was later added (castable B) to prepare samples for heat treatment at 110ºC, 900ºC, and 1400ºC. Bulk Density (BD), Apparent Porosity (AP), and Cold Cr...

INTRODUCTION Patients on hemodialysis require phosphate binders to reduce dietary phosphate absorption and control serum phosphate. The standard therapy, calcium salts, can be associated with elevated serum calcium (hypercalcemia). Concern has been raised that hypercalcemia, especially combined with elevated serum phosphate, may be associated with arterial calcification, and this may contribute...

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a complication of chronic kidney disease, has been linked to reduced quality and length of life. High serum phosphate levels that result from CKD-MBD require phosphate-lowering agents, also known as phosphate binders. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the effects of available phosphate binders on laborato...

Cliff WH. Chemistry misconceptions associated with understanding calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Adv Physiol Educ 33: 323–328, 2009; doi:10.1152/advan.00073.2009.—Successful learning of many aspects in physiology depends on a meaningful understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. Two conceptual diagnostic questions measured student understanding of the chemical equilibrium underlying ca...

INTRODUCTION We have previously reported results of precipitation studies for neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions containing calcium chloride and sodium phosphate using visual methods to determine compatibility. The purpose of this study was to do further testing of compatibility for solutions containing calcium chloride using more sensitive methods. METHODS Solutions of Trophamine (Braun...

Calcium and phosphate absorptions were studied by radiotracer techniques in 30 patients after successful cadaveric renal transplantation, and results were compared with those in a group of normal subjects and in groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Both calcium and phosphate absorptions were impared in patients with CRF, including those receiving haemodialysis. Abnormalities of ...

A rough surface texture was found on laser sintered titanium substrate, which was responsible for instability of the calcium phosphate layer from the point of view of obtaining good adhesivity to the substrate at given preparation conditions. After the mechanical treatment and following soaking of Ti substrate in 3 M NaOH solution, the surface texture was much smoother than in the original samp...

Calcium phosphate materials are similar to bone in composition and in having bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Calcium phosphate materials in different forms, as cements, composites, and coatings, are used in many medical and dental applications. This paper reviews the applications of these materials in dentistry. It presents a brief history, dental applications, and methods for improvi...

In order to use the “Trinidad de Guedes" phosphorite (TGP) as a supplement of calcium and phosphorus in animals, its concentrations of heavy metals were determined and their deposition was analyzed in broilers. Toxic elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean levels of heavy metals found in TGP were 82.5 mg/kg lead (Pb), 7.2 mg/kg cadmium (Cd), 1056.9 mg/kg man...