Pesticide spray drift has been a worldwide concern in terms of potential environmental pollution and ecosystem damage. This study defined the main reduction agent (DRA) characteristics that help to understand formation process agricultural spraying. Seven various DRAs water were evaluated. Three solutions created based on following materials: calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, benzenesulfonic aci...

AIMS To determine haematological parameters, urine mutagenicity (on three Salmonella typhimurium strains), and DNA damage (using the comet assay) in mononuclear leucocytes of farmers before and after a one-day spraying period of pear and apple trees with the fungicide captan in usual conditions. METHODS Fruit growers were exposed to captan during the 1998 (n = 12) and/or the 2000 spraying sea...

We examined whether the spraying of soybean leaves with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) would alleviate the symptoms of drought stress. Pre-treatment by spraying leaves with H2O2 delayed foliar wilting caused by drought stress compared to leaves sprayed with distilled water (DW). Additionally, the relative water content of drought-stressed leaves pre-treated with H2O2 was higher than that of leaves pr...

In recent years, coating processes based on the impact of high-velocity solid particles such as cold spraying and aerosol deposition have been developed and attracting much industrial attention. A novel coating process called 'warm spraying' has been developed, in which coatings are formed by the high-velocity impact of solid powder particles heated to appropriate temperatures below the melting...

Here, we proposed that volatile organic compounds (VOC), specifically methyl salicylate (MeSA), mediate the formation of calcium oxalate crystals (COC) in the defence against ozone (O3) oxidative damage. We performed experiments using Croton floribundus, a pioneer tree species that is tolerant to O3 and widely distributed in the Brazilian forest. This species constitutively produces COC. We exp...

Since dental implants are used in contact with many different tissues, it is necessary to have optimum surface compatibility with the host bone tissues and soft tissues. Furthermore, dental implant surfaces exposed to the oral cavity must remain plaque-free. Such materials can be created under well-controlled conditions by modifying the surfaces of metals that contact those tissues. “Tissue-com...

The combination of the high mechanical strength of metals with the osteoconductive properties of calcium phosphates make hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium implants widely used in orthopedic surgery. However, the most popular coating method, plasma spraying, exhibits some important drawbacks: the inability to cover porous implants and to incorporate biologically active agents, delamination, an...

powdery mildew disease caused quality and quantity losses of sugar beet production. therefore, five spraying treatments and three sugar beet variety were conducted in split plot design with four reapplications during consecutive two years in kermanshah and mashhad regions. in order to control of disease, tridimorph fungicide was used. spraying treatments were in main plot and variety in the sub...

Absorption of the herbicide paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) by mixer-loaders and spray operators on a Sri Lankan tea plantation was assessed over five consecutive days of spraying. Beginning on the day before spraying started and continuing for each of the five spraying days and for seven days after the last day of spraying, 24-hour urine samples were collected from each of the worke...

Low-pressure cold spraying is a newly developed technology with high application potential. The aim of this study was to investigate potential application of this technique for producing a new type of transparent conductive oxide films target. Cold spraying technique allows the manufacture of target directly on the backing plate; therefore the proposed sputtering target has a form of Sn+In2O3 c...