BACKGROUND A better understanding of factors that affect breast density, one of the strongest breast cancer risk indicators, may provide important clues about breast cancer etiology and prevention. This study evaluates the association of vitamin D and calcium, from food and/or supplements, to breast density in premenopausal and postmenopausal women separately. METHODS A total of 777 premenopa...

Cervical cancer remains one of the major cancer burdens worldwide particularly in under-developed and developing countries. Cervical cancer continues to have a major impact on women not only physically but also socially and sexually. Cervical cancer affecting one of the most important reproductive organ and many of these patients were from the reproductive age group. Cervical cancer is the seco...

Cancer is a public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, its high social and economic cost, and the lack of intra and intersectorial strategies resulting in failure to access information and screening tests. For this reason, it is necessary to address this problem with a comprehensive and sustainable approach. After performing a diagnosis of the human and material resources at...

Persuading people to undertake actions to prevent skin cancer is an important public health challenge. A number of studies have compared the effectiveness of gain-framed and loss-framed appeals in this domain, often expecting gain-framed appeals to be more persuasive. A meta-analytic review (k = 33, N = 4,168), however, finds no significant difference in the persuasiveness of gain- and loss-fra...

The Behavioral Oncology Interest Group of the American Society of Preventive Oncology held a Roundtable session on March 10, 2002, at the American Society of Preventive Oncology annual meeting in Bethesda, Maryland, to discuss the current state-of-the-science in behavioral approaches to cancer prevention and control and to delineate priorities for additional research. Four key areas were consid...

Epidemiology is one of the areas of medical research which by definition should have immediate clinical implications, since its inferences are based on and apply to humans and should in theory be directly transferable to clinical and preventive measures. However, interchange of information has not always been easy, and this has constituted a substantial drawback to both the epidemiologist and t...

The era of "Big Data" presents opportunities to substantively address cancer prevention and control issues by improving health behaviors and refining theoretical models designed to understand and intervene in those behaviors. Yet, the terms "model" and "Big Data" have been used rather loosely, and clarification of these terms is required to advance the science in this area. The objectives of th...

Four randomized prospective trials have evaluated tamoxifen for chemoprevention of breast cancer. The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 trial reported that tamoxifen reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer by 49%. Two smaller European trials, the Royal Marsden Hospital Chemoprevention Trial and the Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study, demonstrated no decrease in the inci...