This thesis investigates the application of marginal cost based spot pricing techniques to the short run coordination of decentralised, and potentially competitive, electricity markets. A Dispatch Based Pricing philosophy is proposed which requires that the dispatcher of a power system determine spot prices which are consistent with both the observed power system dispatch and the offers and bid...

this paper proposes per unit coding for combined economic emission load dispatch problem. in the proposed coding, it is possible to apply the percent effects of elements in any number and with high accuracy in objective function. in the proposed per unit coding, each function is transformed into per unit form based on its own maximum value and has a value from 0 to 1. in this paper, particle sw...

Continuing demands for high degrees of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) require large dispatch queues (or centralized reservation stations) in modern superscalar microprocessors. However, such large dispatch queues are inevitably accompanied by high circuit complexity which would correspondingly limit the pipeline clock rates. In other words, increasing the size of the dispatch queue ultimat...

Stunning technical advances in the ability to image the human brain have provoked excited speculation about the application of neuroscience to other fields. The 'promise' of neuroscience for law has been touted with particular enthusiasm. Here, we contend that this promise elides fundamental conceptual issues that limit the usefulness of neuroscience for law. Recommendations for overcoming thes...

reliability investigation has always been one of the most important issues in power systems planning. the outages rate in power system reflects the fact that more attentions should be paid on reliability indices to supply consumers with uninterrupted power. using reliability indices in economic dispatch problem may lead to the system load demand with high reliability and low probability of powe...

This paper proposes per unit coding for combined economic emission load dispatch problem. In the proposed coding, it is possible to apply the percent effects of elements in any number and with high accuracy in objective function. In the proposed per unit coding, each function is transformed into per unit form based on its own maximum value and has a value from 0 to 1. In this paper, particle sw...

The paper investigates the performance of proposed search technique for different kinds of economic dispatch problems by searching generation pattern of committed units in polar coordinate system being projection of phasor on real axis with respect to its displacement. A slack generator is introduced to meet the demand constraint while generation pattern is searched within operating limits of g...

Due to the environmental concerns that arise from the emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants, the classical economic dispatch, which operates electric power systems so as to minimize only the total fuel cost, can no longer be considered alone. Thus, by environmental dispatch, emissions can be reduced by dispatch of power generation to minimize emissions. The environmental/eco...

OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the validity of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch criteria for severely injured patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed. English written and peer-reviewed publications on HEMS dispatch criteria were included. RESULTS Thirty-four publications were included. Five manuscripts discussed accuracy of HEMS dis...

Double dispatch is the ability of selecting dynamically a method not only according to the run-time type of the receiver (single dispatch), but also to the run-time type of the argument. This mechanism unleashes the power of dynamic binding in object-oriented languages, so enhancing re-usability and separation of responsibilities. However, many mainstream languages, such as, e.g., C++ and Java,...